DISCOVERY OF TRANSDERMAL PENETRATION ENHANCERS BY HIGH-THROUGHPUT SCREENING.
- TR Number: 319
- Authors: Karande, P., Jain, A. and Mitragotri, S. Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA.
- Materials Tested: BDAC, Cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, Cineole, Cocamidopropyl betaine, Cocamidopropyl hydroxysultaine, Dodecyl pyridinium chloride, Dodecylamine, Hexadecyl trimethylammoniopropane sulfonate, Isopropyl myristate, Limonene, Linoleic acid (OA), Linolenic acid (LA), Menthol, Methyl laurate, Methyl pyrolidone, N-decyl-2-pyrrolidone, NLS, Nicotine sulfate, Octyl trimethylammonium bromide, Oleyl betaine, PP, Polyethyleneglycol dodecyl ether, Polyoxyethelene sorbitan monolaurate (TWEEN20), SLA, Sodium Oleate, Sodium lauryl sulfate,, Sodium octyl sulfate (SOS), Sorbitan monolaurate (S20), TWEEN20, Tetracaine, Triton X-100
Although transdermal drug delivery is more attractive than injection, it has not been applied to macromolecules because of low skin permeability. Here scientists at UC Santa Barbara describe particular mixtures of penetration enhancers that increase skin permeability to macromolecules (~1-10 kDa) by up to ~100-fold without inducing skin irritation. The discovery of these mixtures was enabled by an experimental tool, in vitro skin impedance guided high-throughput (INSIGHT) screening, which is >100-fold more efficient than current tools. In vitro experiments demonstrated that the mixtures delivered macromolecular drugs, includinging heparin, leutinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) and oligonulceotides, across the skin. In vivo experiments on hairless rats with leuprolide acetate confirmed the potency and safety of one such mixture, sodium laureth sulfate (SLA) and phenyl piperazine (PP). These studies show the feasibility of using penetration enhancers for systemic delivery of macromolecules from a transdermal patch. NOTE: EpiDerm tissues were used to assess the skin irritation potential of the leading permeation enhancer candidates as determined by INSIGHT analysis. EpiDerm has recently emerged as an excellent method for assessing irritation potential.