Skip to Main Content
+1 (508) 881-6771
0
Menu Button

Skin corrosion

1023

An Evaluation of the EpiDerm™ Corrosivity and Corrositex® Assays for Predicting Skin Corrosivity of Chemical Products with Extreme Alkaline pH

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the EpiDerm™ Corrosivity (OECD 431) and Corrositex® Time Monitor (OECD 435) as in vitro methods to predict skin corrosivity for extreme pH (≥ 11.5) products. Extreme pH can be a useful predictor of irritation but may lead to over classification in weakly buffered systems. Hazard classification guidelines […]
809

Application of Mattek In Vitro Reconstructed Human Skin Models for Safety, Efficacy Screening, and Basic Preclinical Research

During the past three decades, great progress has been achieved in the development of in vitro reconstructed human epidermal (RhE) tissue models. This technology is now available via various manufacturers of commercially available tissue models, and has provided opportunities for researchers worldwide to reduce or even completely avoid in vivo experimentation for screening and prediction of cutaneous […]
579

IN VITRO APPROACHES FOR PREDICTING IRRITATION POTENTIAL OF TOPICAL EXPOSURES TO THE SKIN AND EYES.

Outline: Focus on topical exposure toxicity measures …Skin ……Corrosion ……Irritation –Chemicals ……Mildness –Formulations …Eye ……Physiology and modes of action –eye irritation ……Human Reconstructed Tissues ………Ingredients ………Mild formulation assessment …BCOP ……Moderate formulation assessment histology Conclusions: Skin Irritation/Corrosion …Validated methods are in place for testing chemicals for corrosion and irritation (EU). …Methods for determining mildness of formulations […]
582

NON-ANIMAL METHODS FOR TOXICITY TESTING: SKIN IRRITATION/CORROSION.

Skin toxicity refers to the local toxic effects resulting from a topical exposure of the skin to a substance. Skin toxicities include skin irritation and skin corrosion. The Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS) defines skin irritation as “the production of reversible damage to the skin following the application of a […]
401

EVALUATION OF EPIDERM™ AS A MODEL TO STUDY IRRITATION AFTER EXPOSURE TO VARIOUS ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS FOUND IN JET FUELS.

This study by scientists at Florida A&M University College of Pharmacy, Auburn University Harrison School of Pharmacy, and Mattek Corp. demonstrated that Mattek’s EpiDerm in vitro human skin tissue equivalent is an excellent in vitro alternative to animal testing for evaluating the skin irritation potential of chemicals and jet fuels. JP-8 has been recognized as […]
209

A REPRODUCIBLE SKIN MODEL FOR DERMAL SAFETY AND EFFICACY TESTING.

The utility of any toxicological test system or method critically depends on the short and long term reproducibility of the method. Over the past 6 years, histological observations and quantitative quality control test methods utilizing the MTT assay have established a high level of intra-lot and inter-lot reproducibility for Mattek’s organotypic skin model, EpiDerm™. Interestingly, […]
205

A REPRODUCIBLE, STRUCTURALLY APPROPRIATE SKIN MODEL FOR DERMAL SAFETY AND EFFICACY TESTING.

The ability to determine, in vitro, the safety and efficacy profile for a material contacting the skin critically depends on the skin model’s structure and biochemistry. In addition, to be useful, the model must have a high level of intra-lot and inter-lot reproducibility. For this reason, the structure, biochemical nature, and reproducibility of the organotypic […]
169

PREVALIDATION OF TESTS FOR PREDICTING SKIN CORROSIVITY AND PHOTOTOXICITY USING AN IN VITRO MODEL OF HUMAN EPIDERMIS.

Tests for prediction of skin corrosivity and dermal phototoxicity using the model EpiDerm™ were evaluated at ZEBET in a prevalidation study funded by the European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods (ECVAM). The study comprised an interlaboratory method transfer, a refinement of test protocols and prediction models, and a blind trial involving three laboratories […]
491

DEVELOPMENT OF AN IN VITRO CORROSION/IRRITATION PREDICTION ASSAY USING THE EPIDERM™ SKIN MODEL.

This study by scientists at Covance Laboratories and the University of York demonstrated that Mattek’s EpiDerm in vitro human skin tissue equivalent can be used to accurately predict the dermal corrosivity and skin irritation potential of 12 test chemicals. A validation of the in vitro skin corrosion method using the EpiDerm™ skin model was performed […]
489

ENSURING QUALITY OF IN VITRO ALTERNATIVE TEST METHODS: ISSUES AND ANSWERS.

This report by scientists at the US EPA, the US Consumer Product Safety Commission, the European Center for the Validation of Alternative Methods (ECVAM) and the Institute for In Vitro Sciences (IIVS) discussed the importance of having specific quality control safeguards in place during and long after formal in vitro test method validation is completed, […]
357

EVALUATION OF A TISSUE ENGINEERED HUMAN SKIN EPIDERM 3-D CULTURE AS A MODEL TO STUDY IRRITATION AFTER JET FUEL EXPOSURE.

This study by researchers at Florida A&M University demonstrated that Mattek’s EpiDerm in vitro human skin tissue equivalent is a “valuable model to evaluate the skin irritation potential of jet fuels and hydrocarbon chemicals”. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate human skin Epiderm™ 3-D culture, EPI-200 (Mattek Corp, Ashland, MA) as a […]
222

IN VITRO AND HUMAN TESTING STRATEGIES FOR SKIN IRRITATION.

Prior to the manufacture, transport, and marketing of chemicals or products, it is critical to assess their potential for skin toxicity (corrosion or irritation), thereby protecting the worker and consumer from adverse skin effects due to intended or accidental skin exposure. Traditionally, animal testing procedures have provided the data needed to assess the more severe […]
219

STRATEGIES FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF ACUTE SKIN IRRITATION POTENTIAL.

The manufacture, transport, and marketing of chemicals and finished products requires the prior toxicologic evaluation and assessment of skin reactivity (corrosion and irritation) that may result from intended or accidental skin exposure. Procedures for the skin testing of new chemicals and finished products is rapidly evolving in the face of technologic advancements and political pressures. […]
169A

ALTERNATIVE METHODS FOR SKIN IRRITATION TESTING: THE CURRENT STATUS.

The ECVAM Skin Irritation Task Force was established in November 1996, primarily to prepare a report on the current status of the development and validation of alternative tests for skin irritation and corrosion and, in particular, to identify any appropriate non-animal tests for predicting human skin irritation which were sufficiently well-developed to warrant ECVAM supporting […]
733

INCORPORATION OF RECONSTRUCTED HUMAN EPIDERMAL TISSUES INTO A CORPORATE TOXICOLOGY LABORATORY: USE OF IN VITRO TEST DATA FOR DIVERSE SAFETY AND RISK ASSESSMENT APPLICATIONS.

The 3M Strategic Toxicology Laboratory (STL) is an internal corporate resource providing toxicology support to 3M businesses. An objective in the STL is to routinely incorporate in vitro test methods, with a recent focus on the use of reconstructed human epidermis (RhE) tissues.. The first model utilized has been EpiDerm™, which is currently validated for […]
381

VALIDATION OF HUMAN SKIN MODELS FOR SKIN CORROSIVITY TESTS IN JAPAN.

This study by scientists at NIHS, Nihon Nohyaku Co., Ltd., Nippon Soda Co., Ltd., The Inst. Of Environmental Toxicology, Nippon Menard Cosmetic Co., Ltd., Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., Kyoto University, and Tokyo University demonstrated that Mattek’s EpiDerm in vitro human skin tissue equivalent can be used to reliably determine the dermal corrosivity potential of chemicals. […]
355

LONG TERM REPRODUCIBILITY OF EPIDERM, AN EPIDERMAL MODEL FOR DERMAL TESTING AND RESEARCH.

This technical reference summarizes Mattek’s 10-plus YEAR EpiDerm tissue reproducibility data. Long-term reproducibility is important not only to Mattek Customers, but also to European (ECVAM) and US (ICCVAM) regulators. Regulators constantly stress the need for superior reproducibility of in vitro tissue equivalents, not only during a specific validation program, but also long after the initial […]
307

ASSESSMENT OF THE IN-HOUSE PERFORMANCE OF THE EPIDERM™ AND EPISKIN™ IN VITRO CORROSIVITY TESTS.

The purpose of this study, conducted by scientists at Unilever’s Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, was to assess the in-house performance of the EpiDerm and EPISKIN corrosivity tests using materials of known corrosive potential (six corrosives and six non-corrosives), as recommended in the draft OECD test guideline (TG) 431. Determination of the labelling requirements for […]
223

HUMANE ENDPOINTS AND ACUTE TOXICITY TESTING.

Evidence of acute toxicity for specific materials was originally provided using large numbers of animals in tests that often resulted in pain, suffering, and/or death to the experimental subjects. Recent research has been directed toward development of alternatives that remove or significantly reduce these effects while providing data indicative of the acute toxicity of the […]
237

DEVELOPMENT OF AN IN VITRO METHOD FOR SKIN CORROSION TESTING.

Scientists from The Procter and Gamble Company investigated the feasibility of an in-vitro skin corrosion test method using commercially available human skin cultures. Skin2 from Advanced Tissue Sciences and EpiDerm from Mattek were evaluated for their responses to 24 corrosive and non-corrosive materials. The multilayered epidermis of the Skin2 cultures contained a basal layer of […]
558

THE Mattek STORY – HOW THE THREE Rs PRINCIPLES LED TO 3-D TISSUE SUCCESS!

FRAME, the UK-based Fund for the Replacement of Animals in Medical Experiments, asked Mattek to contribute an article to a special edition of ATLA, FRAME’s scientific journal, commemorating FRAME’s 40th anniversary. FRAME asked Mattek to focus the article on the successful development of our in vitro 3-D tissues, produced from normal (non-transformed) human cells, as […]
182

THE ECVAM PREVALIDATION STUDY ON THE USE OF EPIDERM FOR SKIN CORROSIVITY TESTING.

In 1996 and 1997, ECVAM supported a formal validation study on in vitro methods for predicting skin corrosivity. Two of the in vitro tests included in the study employed human skin models, the Skin ZK1350 and EPISKIN™ models. In the ECVAM validation study, BASF, Huntingdon Life Sciences (HLS) and ZEBET tested the Skin human skin […]
118

DEVELOPMENT OF HISTOPATHOLOGIC CRITERIA FOR ASSESSING IN VITRO SKIN CORROSION.

The United States Department of Transportation recently granted an exemption for use of the in vitro Skin2 Model ZK1350 Corrosivity Assay as a replacement to rabbit skin corrosion testing for 6 chemical classes. The in vitro skin corrosion test is based on methods scientists at Procter & Gamble Co. previously developed in which test substances […]
109

APPLICATION OF AN IN VITRO METHOD FOR SKIN CORROSION TESTING TO A VARIETY OF COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE SKIN CULTURES.

National and international regulations require that chemicals must be properly classified, labeled, packaged, and transported based on their ability to damage or destroy tissue, e.g., skin. Traditional rabbit tests for assessing skin irritation or corrosion are based on the methods of Draize et al. (1944). Scientists at Procter & Gamble Co. previously reported an in […]
105

USE OF AN IN VITRO SKIN MODEL TO PREDICT CHEMICAL CORROSIVITY.

The U.S. Department of Transportation now requires companies to assess the skin corrosivity of raw materials and products in order to insure their safe transport. The United Nations has issued guidelines and assigned packaging groups to materials based on how quickly corrosion of skin occurs in animal studies: I: less than 3 minutes, II: 3 […]
442

REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS FOR IN VITRO SYSTEMS TO MEET PERFORMANCE STANDARDS OVER TIME AS WELL AS DURING VALIDATION.

This technical poster by scientists at Mattek Corp. summarized 12-PLUS YEARS (1996-2007) of commercial production QC data for Mattek’s EpiDerm and EpiOcular in vitro human tissue equivalents, and how that data addresses regulatory concerns regarding performance standards of alternative in vitro testing methods over time. In vitro models are being proposed as alternatives to animal […]
674

RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF THE EPIDERM 3-MINUTE PREDICTION MODEL FOR ASSESSMENT OF GHS SKIN CORROSION PACKING GROUP SUB-CATEGORY 1A.

OECD has adopted several ECVAM-validated reconstructed human skin models (EpiDerm and EPISKIN/SkinEthic) for testing skin corrosion as OECD TG 431(1). However, OECD TG 431 does not satisfy international (GHS) labeling guidelines for transport of dangerous goods. GHS package labeling guidelines utilize 3 corrosion sub-categories (1A: very dangerous, 1B: medium danger, and 1C: minor danger). Labeling […]
666

SURFACTANT-LIKE PROPERTIES OF ALKALINE EXTRACTS FROM WASTEWATER BIOSOLIDS.

In order to assess the potential for utilizing wastewater biosolids as a source of useful substances, the surface activity of materials extracted from wastewater biosolids (activated sludge) by simple incubation with sodium hydroxide solutions at room temperature was assessed. The surface activity, measured by surface and interfacial tension methods, of the extracts was shown to […]
461

IN VITRO SKIN CORROSION TEST: LONG TERM REPRODUCIBILITY AND RELIABILITY FOR A REGULATORY ACCEPTED METHOD.

This study by scientists at the Institute for In Vitro Sciences (IIVS) and Mattek Corp. demonstrated the long term reproducibility and reliability of Mattek’s EpiDerm tissue model and the EpiDerm Dermal Corrosion assay protocol, as required by regulators. The EpiDerm skin corrosion test was repeated with the commercially available test substances previously used in both […]
435

COMPARISON OF CORROSITEX AND EPIDERM IN VITRO SKIN CORROSION SCREENING ASSAYS TO IN VIVO CORROSIVITY RESULTS.

This study by researchers at Dow Chemical Co. demonstrated that Mattek’s EpiDerm human skin tissue equivalent gave near-perfect concordance with in vivo corrosivity data for a panel of 12 reference chemicals recommended in OECD Guideline 431. In this study, Dow Chemical scientists objectively compared a battery of chemicals in the EpiDerm™ (Mattek Corp., Ashland, MA) […]