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Allergenicity

882

In vitro RHE skin sensitization assays: Applicability to challenging substances

In the last 20 years, alternative approaches to the identification of skin sensitization hazards have been at the forefront of the 3Rs and have helped refine the validation and acceptance processes. However, experience with the local lymph node assay showed that, post-validation, challenges still occurred, particularly when a wider diversity of chemical substances was addressed, […]
792

Endo-glucanase digestion of oat β-Glucan enhances Dectin-1 activation in human dendritic cells

Oat β-Glucans were studied for their immunological impact before and after enzymatic digestion in order to enhance the efficacy of oat β-Glucans for application in functional foods. Oat β-Glucan is reported to have minimal impact compared to its fungal counterpart in vitro. Digestion with endo-glucanase enhanced its efficacy towards stimulating MCP-1, RANTES, IL-8, and IL-4 production in human dendritic […]
268

USE OF DIFFERENTIAL DISPLAY-POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION TO IDENTIFY GENES SELECTIVELY MODULATED BY CHEMICAL ALLERGENS IN RECONSTITUTED HUMAN EPIDERMIS.

In the screening of topical drugs, cosmetics and other chemicals for human use, it is very important, both from a safety and an economic point of view, to have biological markers to discriminate irritant and allergic contact dermatitis that have different impacts on human health. Owing to their anatomical location, keratinocytes are among the first […]
140

MODULATION OF CYTOKINE MESSAGE IN THE EPIDERM IN VITRO SKIN MODEL FOLLOWING TREATMENT WITH CONTACT ALLERGENS AND SKIN IRRITANTS.

Previous studies have demonstrated that EpiDerm™ (Mattek Corporation) in vitro skin model constitutively expresses message for several cytokines (Limardi et al., 1996 JID 106, 939). The objective of research presented here is to assess the ability of irritants and contact allergens to modulate cytokine message in the EpiDerm model. Total RNA was isolated at 2 […]
254

NEW PERSPECTIVES ON SKIN-COMPATIBLE DETERGENTS FOR SENSITIVE SKIN.

An interdisciplinary working group comprising manufactures of washing machines and household detergents (IKW/ZVEI) has studied whether or not household detergents today can provoke skin reactions. The results showed that modern technologies (washing machines and detergents) do not generally lead to higher levels of residues on washed textiles than the technologies of the 1980s. Consumer perception […]
408

THE USE OF PLASMACYTOID DENDRITIC CELLS FOR ALLERGENICITY SCREENING OF CHEMICALS.

This study by Mattek Corp. scientists demonstrated that increased expression of CD86 in pDC’s, a subset of Mattek’s Human Dendritic Cells, can be used as a sensitive and specific marker for the identification of chemical allergens. Also see TR-449 – it contains more recent pDC allergenicity information. Development of a predictive test system to screen […]
676

DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW RECONSTRUCTED HUMAN EPIDERMIS (RHE)-BASED SCREENING ASSAY FOR CONTACT ALLERGENS.

Recent changes in regulatory restrictions and social views against animal testing called for the development of reliable in vitro tests for predicting skin sensitizing potential of a broad range of cosmetic raw materials. Also, many of these raw materials include lipophilic compounds and complex mixtures, which could be out of the applicability domain for known […]
317

FOLLOW-UP TO THE ECVAM PREVALIDATION STUDY ON IN VITRO TESTS FOR ACUTE SKIN IRRITATION.

The European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods (ECVAM) Skin Irritation Task Force was established in 1996, to review the status of the development and validation of alternative tests for skin irritation and corrosion, and to identify appropriate non-animal tests for predicting human skin irritation that were sufficiently well-developed to be prevalidated and validated […]
382

LARGE SCALE PRODUCTION OF LANGERHANS CELLS/PLASMACYTOID DENDRITIC CELLS FOR ALLERGENICITY STUDIES AND IN VITRO TISSUE ENGINEERING.

This study by Mattek scientists demonstrated that Mattek’s Human Dendritic Cells are an excellent in vitro model for use in a wide variety of studies related to allergenicity, microbial infection and transmission, neutralizing antibodies and anti-microbial agents, antigen capture and presentation, innate immunity and immuno-therapy. Langerhans cells (LC)/dendritic cells (DC) residing in mucosal tissues play […]
342

GENERATION OF LONG LIVED DENDRITIC CELLS FOR ALLERGENICITY STUDIES AND MUCOSAL TISSUE ENGINEERING.

Dendritic cells (DC) residing in the skin, mucosa, and lymphoid tissues play a key role in sensitization and viral infection. However, difficulty in harvesting, short survival time in culture, rapid phenotypic changes, and variability in cytokine release patterns by cultured DC have limited the use of human dendritic cells (DC) for fundamental cell based studies […]
340

LARGE SCALE PREPARATION OF DENDRITIC CELLS FROM CD34+ PROGENITOR CELLS FOR IMMUNOLOGICAL STUDIES.

Specialized antigen-presenting cells (APC), particularly Langerhans cells/dendritic cells (LC/DC) residing in the skin, mucosa, and lymphoid tissues play a key role in inducing immunological responses following exposure to antigens that induce danger signals to the host. However, difficulty in harvesting, short survival time, and variability in cytokine production capacity of cultured LC have prevented researchers […]
247

APPROACHES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF CELL-BASED IN VITRO METHODS FOR CONTACT SENSITIZATION.

Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a cell-mediated immune response to small molecular weight chemicals that contact and penetrate the skin. There are a variety of characteristics that determine whether a chemical can function as a contact sensitizer (or allergen) including the ability to penetrate into the skin, react with protein and be recognized as antigenic […]
568

EVALUATION OF PLASMACYTOID DENDRITIC CELL-BASED ASSAY TO DETERMINE CHEMICAL ALLERGENICITY.

Human dendritic cells have been used to evaluate the allergenicity potential of chemicals and develop alternatives to existing animal models utilized throughout industry to monitor products for contact sensitization. Development of such non-animal alternative assay systems for hazard assessment directly addresses REACH (Registration, Evaluation, and Authorization of Chemicals). In this study, we investigated whether CD86 […]
646

PLASMACYTOID DENDRITIC CELL-BASED ASSAY AS AN IN VITRO ALTERNATIVE FOR CHEMICAL ALLERGENICITY SCREENING.

Human dendritic cells (DC) have been used as an alternative to existing animal models utilized throughout industry to monitor products for contact sensitization.  Such methods are necessary to comply with the ban on animal testing imposed by the Cosmetics Directive in the EU.  In this study, we investigated whether CD86 expression in plasmacytoid DC (pDC) […]
449

PLASMACYTOID DENDRITIC CELLS AS A TOOL FOR TESTING ALLERGENICITY OF CHEMICALS.

This study by Mattek Corp. scientists demonstrated that Mattek’s Human Dendritic Cells (DCs) contain both plasmacytoid DCs (pDC) and myeloid DCs (mDC), that they can be separated into those 2 cell populations, and that Mattek pDCs can be used to differentiate between allergens and irritants with a high degree of sensitivity (92-94%) and specificity (93-100%). […]
295

IMPROVED RESPONSIVENESS OF LANGERHANS / DENDRITIC CELLS TO ALLERGENS.

Langerhans cells (LC) are immature dendritic cells (DC) that are highly specialized antigen-presenting cells (APC) located in the skin, mucosa, and lymphoid tissues. LC play a key role in the induction phase of contact allergenicity, and hence it may be possible to develop an in vitro LC-based assay for contact sensitization. The difficulty in harvesting […]
324

CHARACTERIZATION AND EVALUATION OF CD34+ GENERATED LANGERHANS CELLS FOR TISSUE ENGINEERING.

Specialized antigen-presenting cells (APC), particularly Langerhans cells (LC) residing in the skin, mucosa, and lymphoid tissues play a key role in sensitization and other immunological reactions of the body. However, difficulty in harvesting, short survival time in culture, and variability in cytokine production of cultured LC has prevented researchers from widespread use of LC for […]
322

NORMAL HUMAN DENDRITIC CELLS: A TOOL TO STUDY ALLERGIC AND IMMUNOLOGICAL REACTIONS IN VITRO.

Dendritic cells (DC) or Langerhans cells (LC) are immunological cells of the body which play a key role in allergic reactions and infectious diseases. However, widespread experimental use of DC has not occurred since previously-used methods of harvesting DC directly from tissue result in poor yields, short survival time, and rapid phenotypic changes. Currently, we […]
311

HARVEST, PROLIFERATION, AND FUNCTIONAL TESTING OF HUMAN DENDRITIC CELLS.

Purpose: Difficulty in harvesting large numbers of cells, short survival time, and rapid phenotypic changes in culture have prevented the widespread use of human dendritic cells (DC) for many fundamental studies applicable to the initial stages of pharmaceutical discovery and development. The ability to overcome these problems would enable a broad variety of extremely useful […]
529

A PLASMACYTOID DENDRITIC CELL (CD123+/CD11c−) BASED ASSAY SYSTEM TO PREDICT CONTACT ALLERGENICITY OF CHEMICALS.

This study by scientists at Mattek Corp. demonstrated that CD86 expression in the plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell (pDC) fraction of Mattek’s Human Dendritic Cells is a sensitive and specific indicator of contact allergenicity, and that an assay method utilizing normal human plasmacytoid dendritic cells will be useful for high throughput screening of chemicals for allergenicity. A […]
133

CYTOKINE AND LIPID MEDIATOR RELEASE FROM IN VITRO SKIN MODELS FOLLOWING DETERGENT TREATMENT OR PHYSICAL WOUNDING.

The purpose of the present work is to characterize two in vitro skin mod-els with regard to release of inflammatory cytokines and lipids under basal conditions and following chemical or physical damage. The two models evaluated are Skin2 (Advanced Tissue Sciences) and EpiDerm (Mattek Corporation). Model tissues were topically treated with SDS or were slice-wounded […]
121

CYTOKINE RESPONSE OF THE EPIDERM SKIN MODEL TO TOPICALLY APPLIED IRRITANTS AND TOXICANTS.

EpiDerm™, Mattek Corporation’s in vitro reproduction of the human epidermis provides a convenient way in which toxicity and irritation potential of chemicals and physical stresses can be assessed. Derived from single strains of human keratinocytes, the model contains layers of cells which have differentiated into easily recognizable component strata of human epidermis. These include basal, […]