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EpiOral

1063

Exploring the potential of reconstructed human epithelial tissue models for safety assessment of intraoral medical devices

Medical devices are integral to a wide array of medical interventions and are increasingly utilized in both clinical and home settings. Within the oral cavity, intraoral medical devices are employed for various applications, to improve quality of life and maintain oral health and hygiene. However, the dynamic and complex environment of the oral cavity, characterized […]
1055

Sensitivity Analysis and Quality Indicators for an In Vitro Oral Irritation Assay

Biocompatibility testing using in vivo tests is often one of the final evaluations of new dental materials. To reduce the likelihood of failure at this late stage, predictive biocompatibility testing using in vitro methods is needed. In this study, we describe a sensitivity analysis of an oral irritation test by evaluating changes in the viability, […]
1045

Efficacy and hazards of 425 nm oral cavity light dosing to inactivate SARS-CoV-2

Objective: Using a battery of preclinical tests to support development of a light-based treatment for COVID-19, establish a range of 425 nm light doses that are non-hazardous to the tissues of the oral cavity and assess whether a 425 nm light dose in this non-hazardous range can inactivate SARS-CoV-2 in artificial saliva. Methods: The potential […]
1034

Toxicological Aspects of in vitro Oral Mucosa Wound Healing Models

Wounds in the oral cavity tissues can result from surgical procedures, accidents, and canker sores. Oral wounds present a site for potential infection and increased sensitivity to oral irritants. Untreated wounds can lead to pathogen invasion, chronic pain, poor cosmetic outcomes, and in some cases, extended hospitalization. Thus, damaged oral mucosal tissue needs to be […]
1028

In vitro permeation of nicotine and tobacco specific nitrosamines from smokeless tobacco product extracts in a 3D buccal tissue model

Tobacco product use is a risk factor in the development of oral cancer, although epidemiology studies show this risk is far less with smokeless tobacco product use than cigarette smoking. While smokeless tobacco contains harmful and potentially harmful constituents (HPHCs), the oral permeation of HPHCs in oral tobacco products is not completely understood. To improve […]
1026

Toxicity and Inflammatory Response to Common Magic Mouthwashes in a 3D Oral Reconstructed Tissue Model

Magic Mouthwash is a general term describing oral rinses prescribed by a doctor for the treatment of pain, inflammation, or infection, commonly as a result of chemotherapy and radiation induced oral sores (oral mucositis). There is no set combination of ingredients for the preparation of a magic mouthwash, rather they are formulated for the individual […]
1025

Safety assessment of monographed OTC cold/cough medicine using an in vitro testing platform based on human reconstructed oral tissues

Over-the-counter (OTC) products are available to alleviate concurrent symptoms of colds and flu. They are primarily based on a combination of decongestants, antitussive and alpha adrenergic agonists, which are well-established pharmaceutical agents covered by U.S. monographs. Many of the active components of the OTC cough/cold drugs are bitter and must be masked using flavoring agents. […]
1005

Single-cell analysis of Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection in three-dimensional air-liquid interface culture model

The oral cavity is the major site for transmission of Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), but how KSHV establishes infection and replication in the oral epithelia remains unclear. Here, we report a KSHV spontaneous lytic replication model using fully differentiated, three dimensional (3D) oral epithelial organoids at an air-liquid interface (ALI). This model revealed that KSHV […]
995

Development of an oral mucosal irritation test using a three-dimensional human buccal oral mucosal model

 The oral mucosa can become irritated by oral care products and lip cosmetics. Therefore, it is important to determine the irritation potential of their ingredients and products during safety evaluations. We developed a method for oral mucosal irritation test using EpiOral, which is a three-dimensional cultured model. Exposure of sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) to EpiOral […]
993

Oral Absorption across Organotypic Culture Models of the Human Buccal Epithelium after E‑cigarette Aerosol Exposure

Inhaled aerosols are absorbed across the oral cavity, respiratory tract, and gastrointestinal tract. The absorption across the oral cavity, which is one of the exposure routes, plays an important role in understanding pharmacokinetics and physiological effects. After aerosol exposure from e-cigarettes, tissue viability studies, morphological observation, and chemical analyses at the inner and outer buccal […]
982

Cytokine Release from Organotypic Human Oral Tissue Following Exposure to Oral Care Product Chemicals

Purpose: Measuring viability of a three-dimensional in vitro organotypic human oral tissue model has been suggested as an alternative test method to the oral mucosa irritation test of oral care products. The aim of this study was to investigate the production of two different cytokines using organotypic human oral tissue model following exposure to chemicals […]
971

Cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response of smokeless tobacco extracts and cytotoxicity of combustible cigarette whole smoke in a 3D oral organotypic buccal cell model

Oral disease is frequently associated with viral and environmental exposures and oral hygiene. The use of tobacco is a risk factor in the development of oral disease. Cytotoxicity, inflammatory response, and oxidative stress have been reported to have a role in the development of oral disease. These three endpoints were evaluated in a 3D human […]
927

Potent Antiviral Activity against HSV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 by Antimicrobial Peptoids

Viral infections, such as those caused by Herpes Simplex Virus-1 (HSV-1) and SARS-CoV-2, affect millions of people each year. However, there are few antiviral drugs that can effectively treat these infections. The standard approach in the development of antiviral drugs involves the identification of a unique viral target, followed by the design of an agent […]
919

In vitro three-dimensional organotypic culture models of the oral mucosa

Three-dimensional, organotypic models of the oral mucosa have been developed to study a wide variety of phenomena occurring in the oral cavity. Although a number of models have been developed in academic research labs, only a few models have been commercialized. Models from academic groups offer a broader range of phenotypes while the commercial models […]
904

Effects of Epidermal Growth Factor-Loaded Mucoadhesive Films on Wounded Oral Tissue Rafts

Current treatments for traumatic oral mucosal wounds include the gold standard of autologous tissue and alternative tissue engineered grafts. While use of autografts has disadvantages of minimal availability of oral keratinized tissue, second surgery, and donor site discomfort, tissue engineered grafts are limited by their unavailability as off-the-shelf products owing to their fabrication time of […]
903

Transmucosal Delivery of Nicotine in Combination with Tincture of Benzoin Inhibits Apoptosis

Background and Objective – The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that tincture of benzoin (TOB) facilitates immediate transmucosal nicotine absorption while simultaneously promoting a safe and sustained delivery of the nicotine. Methods – In combination with TOB, nicotine toxicity and diffusion across human mucosal cells were measured using a 3-D human […]
885

In Search of Preventative Strategies: Novel Anti Inflammatory High-CBD Cannabis Sativa Extracts Modulate ACE2 Expression in COVID-19 Gateway Tissues

With the rapidly growing pandemic of COVID-19 caused by the new and challenging to treat zoonotic SARS-CoV2 coronavirus, there is an urgent need for new therapies and prevention strategies that can help curtail disease spread and reduce mortality. Inhibition of viral entry and thereby spread constitute plausible therapeutic avenues. Similar to other respiratory pathogens, SARS-CoV2 […]
868

Functional Characterization and Permeation Studies of Lyophilised Thiolated Chitosan Xerogels for Buccal Delivery of Insulin

Stable and mucoadhesive, lyophilised, thiolated chitosan xerogels, loaded with insulin for buccal mucosa delivery, in place of the currently used parenteral route have been developed. The xerogels were backed with impervious ethylcellulose laminate to ensure unidirectional release and also loaded with enzyme inhibitor to enhance insulin permeability across the buccal mucosa. Characterization of xerogels using […]
867

Denture-associated biofilm infection in three-dimensional oral mucosal tissue models

Purpose. In vitro analyses of virulence, pathogenicity and associated host cell responses are important components in the study of biofilm infections. The Candida-related infection, denture-associated oral candidosis, affects up to 60% of denture wearers and manifests as inflammation of palatal tissues contacting the denture-fitting surface. Commercially available three-dimensional tissue models can be used to study […]
866

Evaluating the Inflammatory and Genotoxic Effects of Smokeless Tobacco Using a Human Organotypic Model of Oral Epithelium

In addition to the well-known effects of tobacco use on the causation of lung and cardiovascular disease, tobacco use is also implicated as a major cause of oral cavity disease that leads to thousands of deaths per year. Snus, a smokeless tobacco applied to the oral cavity, has been proposed as a less harmful alternative […]
861

Evaluation of the Safety, Cell Migration, and Mucoadhesive Properties of a Mucoadhesive Polymer Blend in Human Oral Mucosa

The efficacy of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) in compounded medications for oral mucosa greatly depends on the composition of the base. Here, we assessed the safety, facilitation of cell migration, and mucoadhesive properties of a newly developed mucoadhesive polymer blend (MPB) which contains pullulan, tamarindus indica polysaccharide, and sodium hyaluronate. No cell death was observed […]
860

Evaluation of Clay-Functionalized Wafers and Films for Nicotine Replacement Therapy via Buccal Mucosa

The functional physicochemical properties of nicotine (NIC)-loaded composite freeze-dried wafers and solvent-evaporated films comprising hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) and sodium alginate (SA), stabilized with magnesium aluminium silicate (MAS), have been reported. The formulations were characterized for swelling capacity, mucoadhesion, in vitro drug dissolution properties in simulated saliva (SS) and PBS at pH 6.8, and ex vivo and […]
859

Novel antioxidants are not toxic to normal tissues but effectively kill cancer cells

Free radicals are formed as a result of cellular processes and play a key role in predisposition to and development of numerous diseases and of premature aging. Recently, we reported the syntheses of a number of novel phenolic antioxidants for possible application in food industry. In the present study, analyses of the cellular processes and […]
855

Behaviour of Silver Nanoparticles in Simulated Saliva and Gastrointestinal Fluids

Continuously increasing application of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) requires information on their safety and performance under biological conditions. Assessment of AgNPs in biological systems is also related to availability of robust toxicological methods for evaluation of toxic potential of AgNPs and information on their physicochemical state. Silver nanoparticles were subjected to action of simulated saliva, gastric […]
831

Oral Irritation Assessment of Electronic Liquids using an In-Vitro Oral Testing Model

While data are still being collected and analyzed, there were at least 1,300 accidental electronic liquid (e-liquid) exposures reported as of 2013. Deaths have occurred as a result of ingestion of e-liquid with the effects being attributed primarily to nicotine. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) sought to regulate e-liquid through the Tobacco Control Act […]
811

Systems Toxicology Assessment of the Biological Impact of a Candidate Modified Risk Tobacco Product on Human Organotypic Oral Epithelial Cultures

Cigarette smoke (CS) has been reported to increase predisposition to oral cancer and is also recognized as a risk factor for many conditions including periodontal diseases, gingivitis, and other benign mucosal disorders. Smoking cessation remains the most effective approach for minimizing the risk of smoking-related diseases. However, reduction of harmful constituents by heating rather than combusting tobacco, without modifying the amount […]
799

In vitro systems toxicology approach to investigate the effects of repeated cigarette smoke exposure on human buccal and gingival organotypic epithelial tissue cultures

Smoking has been associated with diseases of the lung, pulmonary airways and oral cavity. Cytologic, genomic and transcriptomic changes in oral mucosa correlate with oral preneoplasia, cancer and inflammation (e.g. periodontitis). Alteration of smoking-related gene expression changes in oral epithelial cells is similar to that in bronchial and nasal epithelial cells. Using a systems toxicology approach, we have previously […]
793

Transcriptional profiling of radiation damage and preventive treatments in a 3-dimensional (3D) human cell culture model of oral mucositis

Cancer patients who receive radiation are often afflicted by oral mucositis, a debilitating disease, characterized by mouth sores and difficulty in swallowing. Oftentimes, cancer patients afflicted with mucositis must stop lifesaving therapies. Thus it is very important to prevent mucositis before it develops. Using a validated organotypic model of human oral mucosa, a 3-dimensional cell culture model of […]
715

NUCLEOTIDE EXCISION REPAIR IS REDUCED IN ORAL EPITHELIAL TISSUES COMPARED WITH SKIN.

Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure to internal tissues for diagnostic, therapeutic and cosmetic procedures has increased dramatically over the past decade. The greatest increase in UVR exposure of internal tissues occurs in the cosmetic industry where it is combined with oxidizing agents for teeth whitening, often in conjunction with indoor tanning. To address potential carcinogenic risks […]
450

METHODS FOR ASSESSMENT OF PROLIFERATION IN AN IN VITRO TISSUE MODEL OF ORAL EPITHELIA.

This study by scientists at the University of Colorado and Premier Laboratory, LLC demonstrated that a robust method for the assessment of the proliferative effects of agents applied to Mattek’s EpiOral and EpiGingival in vitro tissue equivalents includes measurements of epithelial thickness, basal cell layer thickness, number of cells in the basal cell layer, and […]
773

Effects of ozone nano-bubble water on periodontopathic bacteria and oral cells – in vitro studies

The aims of the present study were to evaluate the bactericidal activity of a new antiseptic agent, ozone nano-bubble water (NBW3), against periodontopathogenic bacteria and to assess the cytotoxicity of NBW3 against human oral cells. The bactericidal activities of NBW3 against representative periodontopathogenic bacteria, Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans) were evaluated […]
551

HIV TYPE 1 FAILS TO TRIGGER INNATE IMMUNE FACTOR SYNTHESIS IN DIFFERENTIATED ORAL EPITHELIUM.

This study by scientists at Prince of Songkla University (Thailand), the University of Washington, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and Mattek Corp. demonstrated that Mattek’s EpiOral in vitro 3-D human buccal (inner cheek) tissue equivalent can be used to model the in vivo response to HIV-1 virus exposure. The oral mucosa is relatively resistant to […]
395

BENZO[A]PYRENE-INDUCED ORAL CARCINOGENESIS AND CHEMOPREVENTION – STUDIES IN BIOENGINEERED HUMAN TISSUE.

This study by scientists at the University of South Carolina, the Medical University of South Carolina and Mattek Corp. demonstrated that studies based on Mattek’s EpiGingival in vitro human gingival tissue equivalent provided an improved method for understanding and preventing/treating smoking-induced oral cancer. Oral cancer, originating from smoking-induced lesions of the basal cells in the […]
507

DEVELOPMENT OF AN EPIORAL IN VITRO HUMAN TISSUE MODEL FOR ORAL IRRITANCY TESTING.

This study by researchers at British American Tobacco and Advanced Technologies Ltd. demonstrated that Mattek’s EpiOral in vitro human buccal (inner cheek) tissue equivalent is an excellent in vitro model for analyzing the human oral irritation potential of tobacco products. The EpiOral™ tissue model (ORL-200), developed by the Mattek Corporation (Ashland, MA, USA), consists of […]
263

GINGIVAL TISSUE MODEL FOR PREDICTION OF IRRITANCY OF ORAL CARE PRODUCTS.

The development of human reconstructed tissues of the oral cavity that express in vivo-like differentiated characteristics would be important to better understand and develop therapies for gum disease, oral cancer, lesions due to smokeless tobacco, and gingivitis, amongst other diseases of the oral mucosa. In vitro tissue models would be used to assess the biocompatibility […]
683

UPDATE ON VALIDATION STATUS AND INDUSTRY UTILIZATION OF NORMAL HUMAN 3D (NHU-3D) ANIMAL ALTERNATIVE MODELS.

Progress in in vitro tissue engineering over the last several decades has contributed to a significant decrease in animal use for industrial risk and safety assessment of products and ingredients. Mattek Corporation has a long-standing involvement in development, production and validation of animal alternative in vitro models produced from normal human cells (NHu-3D models). The […]
777

Molecular Signatures in the Prevention of Radiation Damage by the Synergistic Effect of N-Acetyl Cysteine and Qingre Liyan Decoction, a Traditional Chinese Medicine, Using a 3-Dimensional Cell Culture Model of Oral Mucositis

Qingre Liyan decoction (QYD), a Traditional Chinesemedicine, andN-acetyl cysteine (NAC) have been used to prevent radiatio ninduce dmucositis.Tiswork evaluates the protectivemechanisms ofQYD,NAC, and their combination(NAC-QYD) at the cellular and transcriptional level. A validated organotypic model of ora lmucosal consisting of a three-dimensional (3D) cell tissue-culture of primary human keratinocytes exposed to X-ray irradiation was used. […]
632

IDENTIFYING CELL AND MOLECULAR STRESS AFTER RADIATION IN A THREE-DIMENSIONAL (3-D) MODEL OF ORAL MUCOSITIS.

Mucositis is a debilitating adverse effect of chemotherapy and radiation treatment. It is important to develop a simple and reliable in vitro model, which can routinely be used to screen new drugs for prevention and treatment of mucositis. Furthermore, identifying cell and molecular stresses especially in the initiation phase of mucositis in this model will […]
667

EVALUATION OF TISSUE ENGINEERED MODELS OF THE ORAL MUCOSA TO INVESTIGATE ORAL CANDIDIASIS.

Candida albicans is a commensal organism that can be isolated from the majority of healthy individuals. However, in certain susceptible individuals C. albicans can become pathogenic leading to the mucocutaneous infection; oral candidiasis. Murine models and in vitro monolayer cultures have generated some data on the likely virulence and host factors that contribute to oral […]
379

EPIGINGIVAL™ (GIN-100) TISSUE MODELS FOR ORAL IRRITATION STUDIES.

This study by scientists at the University of Washington, University of Iowa and Mattek Corp. demonstrated that Mattek’s EpiOral and EpiGingival in vitro human oral tissue equivalents can be used to provide a quick, reproducible method for evaluating the irritation potential of oral care excipients and oral care products, that the methodology correlates well to […]
360

NOVEL IN VITRO METHODOLOGY EVALUATING POTENTIAL MUCOSAL IRRITATION OF ORAL CARE FORMULATIONS.

This study by researchers at The Procter & Gamble Co. demonstrated that Mattek’s EpiOral in vitro human buccal (inner cheek) tissue equivalent provided a quick, reproducible method for evaluating the irritation potential of oral care excipients and prototype formulations, the methodology correlated well to human irritation results, and that this EpiOral-based methodology proved to be […]
399

CHARACTERIZATION AND TESTING OF NEW BUCCAL AND GINGIVAL TISSUE MODELS.

This study by scientists at the University of Washington, University of Iowa and Mattek Corp. demonstrated that Mattek’s EpiOral and EpiGingival in vitro human buccal and gingival oral tissue equivalents showed good correspondence to human explant buccal and gingival tissue structure, protein expression, and lipid content; reproducibility of the tissues was very good; and differences […]
778

Evaluation of a Reconstructed Human Oral Buccal Tissue Model as a Testing Platform for Determining the Oral Irritation Potential of Tobacco Products

There is an increasing need by the tobacco industry to evaluate the irritation and inflammation potential of tobacco products to support product development goals, for sound product stewardship, and likely regulatory safety tests. The use of in vitro human cell and tissue-based test methods to replace in vivo animal models addresses the need for more […]
757

ORGANOTYPIC HUMAN ORAL TISSUE MODELS FOR EVALUATION OF ORAL CARE PRODUCTS.

Oral irritation can result from exposure of the soft tissue to dentifrice and oral rinse formulations. In vitro tissue models (Mattek Corporation) produced from normal human oral keratinocytes were exposed to common oral care excipients, dentifrice supernatants and mouth rinses to determine the potential irritation of oral care excipients/formulations, including SLS, poloxamer, NaF dentifrice, and […]
775

SAFETY EVALUATION OF NANOSILVER USING RECONSTRUCTED HUMAN GIT TISSUES

In our pilot study focused on safety evaluation of nanosilver three novel commercially available  reconstructed human  tissues were used for mimicking the human gastrointestinal tract (GIT). The evaluated endpoints included tissue viability, cytokine release and penetration of silver into the tissue culture medium. The results confirmed no adverse effect of nanosilver on the viability of […]
363

DEVELOPMENT OF A HUMAN ORAL EPITHELIAL TISSUE MODEL TO STUDY HIV TRANSMISSION AND THE ROLE OF BETA-DEFENSINS.

This study by scientists at the University of Washington and Mattek Corp. demonstrated that Mattek’s EpiOral in vitro human buccal (inner cheek) tissue equivalent can be used for studying the effect of beta-defensins (hBD) on oral HIV transmission. Background: As part of innate immunity, oral mucosal epithelial cells secrete a class of antimicrobial peptides termed […]
292

HUMAN β-DEFENSIN EXPRESSION IN A NEW BUCCAL EPITHELIAL TISSUE MODEL.

Oral epithelia function as microbial barriers against bacteria and yeast that are resident in the oral cavity. These microbes can be categorized as non-pathogenic (commensal) and pathogenic (resulting in cavities, gingivitis, and periodontal disease, etc.). The epithelium is actively involved in recognition and response to bacteria, setting into motion the innate immune responses that are […]
386

EXPRESSION OF BETA-DEFENSINS IN RESPONSE TO HIV-1 IN AN ORAL TISSUE MODEL VS MONOLAYER CULTURES.

This study by researchers at the University of Washington and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center demonstrated that Mattek’s EpiOral in vitro human buccal (inner cheek) tissue equivalent can be used to investigate the expression of human beta-defensins (hBD) in response to exposure to HIV-1 virus. HIV transmission through the oral route is inefficient. Epithelial […]
438

ORGANOTYPIC HUMAN ORAL TISSUE MODELS FOR TOXICOLOGICAL STUDIES.

This study by researchers at Procter & Gamble Co., the University of Iowa and Mattek Corp. demonstrated that Mattek’s EpiOral and EpiGingival human oral cavity tissue equivalents can be used to screen the irritation potential of newly developed oral care products and will be useful to study the innate immunity, biology and pathology of the […]
429

A HUMAN ORAL TISSUE MODEL TO EVALUATE TOXICITY AND ANTI-HIV ACTIVITY OF THE SPERMICIDE-MICROBICIDE, NONOXYNOL-9M.

This study by researchers at the University of Washington, the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and Mattek Corp. demonstrated that a new form of Mattek’s EpiOral full thickness human buccal tissue equivalent containing Langerhans Cells appears to be useful in evaluating pre-clinical microbicide toxicity and efficacy. Background: There is a need for a reproducible in […]
621

GENOTOXICITY TESTING USING THE NORMAL HUMAN CELL BASED 3D EPITHELIAL MODELS.

Safety assessment of new products for human use requires genotoxicity testing to ensure their non-carcinogenicity. Current in vitro genotoxicity assays have low specificity resulting in unacceptably high rates of false positives. Moreover, starting in 2009, in vivo genotoxicity testing was banned by the 7th Amendment to the Cosmetics Directive. Since epithelial tissues have the highest […]
519

TRANSDERMAL AND BUCCAL DELIVERY OF METHYLXANTHINES THROUGH HUMAN TISSUE IN VITRO.

This study by researchers at Rutgers University (USA) and the University of Strathclyde (Scotland) demonstrated that Mattek’s EpiOral in vitro human buccal (inner cheek) tissue equivalent is an excellent in vitro substitute for testing the buccal permeability of a number of central nervous system stimulants. Researchers examined the in vitro permeation of central nervous system […]
670

IN VITRO EFFECTS OF ETHANOL AND MOUTHRINSE ON PERMEABILITY IN AN ORAL BUCCAL MUCOSAL TISSUE CONSTRUCT.

The current study investigated the influence of ethanol and ethanol-containing mouthrinses on model chemical permeability in an in vitro oral buccal mucosal construct (EpiOral, ORL-200, Mattek). Innate ethanol transport and metabolism in the tissue construct was also studied. First we investigated effects of up to 26.9% ethanol and two Listerine products on permeability of buccal […]
424

ANTIMICROBIAL BARRIER OF AN IN VITRO ORAL EPITHELIAL MODEL.

This study by researchers at the University of Washington demonstrated that Mattek’s EpiOral human buccal tissue equivalent has an in vivo-like antimicrobial barrier and is therefore a superior in vitro model of oral epithelia when compared to submerged monolayer cell cultures. Objective: Oral epithelia function as a microbial barrier and are actively involved in recognizing […]