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EpiAlveolar

991

Use of Human Lung Tissue Models for Screening of Drugs against SARS-CoV-2 Infection

The repurposing of licensed drugs for use against COVID-19 is one of the most rapid ways to develop new and alternative therapeutic options to manage the ongoing pandemic. Given circa 7817 licensed compounds available from Compounds Australia that can be screened, this paper demonstrates the utility of commercially available ex vivo/3D airway and alveolar tissue […]
986

Expression and Function of ABC Transporters in Human Alveolar Epithelial Cells

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are a large superfamily of membrane transporters that facilitate the translocation of different substrates. While ABC transporters are clearly expressed in various tumor cells where they can play a role in drug extrusion, the presence of these transporters in normal lung tissues is still controversial. Here, we performed an analysis of […]
946

Organic Cation Transporters (OCTs/OCTNs) in Human Primary Alveolar Epithelial Cells

Alveolar epithelium, besides exerting a key role in gas exchange and surfactant production, plays important functions in host defense and inflammation. Pathological conditions associated to alveolar dysfunction include Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).The use of predictive in vitro models of human alveolar epithelium is […]
932

Modeling SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza Infections and Antiviral Treatments in Human Lung 2 Epithelial Tissue Equivalents

Sever acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the third coronavirus in less than 20 years to spillover from an animal reservoir and cause severe disease in humans. High impact respiratory viruses such a pathogenic beta-coronaviruses and influenza viruses, as well as other emerging respiratory viruses, pose an ongoing global health threat to humans. There is […]
907

Prolonged infectious SARS-CoV-2 shedding from an asymptomatic immunocompromised cancer patient.

Long-term SARS-CoV-2 shedding was observed from the upper respiratory tract of a female immunocompromised patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and acquired hypogammaglobulinemia. Shedding of infectious SARS-CoV-2 was observed up to 70 days, and genomic and subgenomic RNA up to 105 days past initial diagnosis. The infection was not cleared after a first treatment with convalescent […]
881

Use of EpiAlveolar Lung Model to Predict Fibrotic Potential of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes

Expansion in production and commercial use of nanomaterials increases the potential human exposure during the lifecycle of these materials (production, use, and disposal). Inhalation is a primary route of exposure to nanomaterials; therefore it is critical to assess their potential respiratory hazard. Herein, we developed a three-dimensional alveolar model (EpiAlveolar) consisting of human primary alveolar […]
858

Repeated long-term exposures of multi-walled carbon nanotubes to the 3D human lung model EpiAlveolar to predict the onset of fibrosis

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with their extraordinary properties (e.g. stiffness, electrical conductivity, etc.) are among the most commonly used nanomaterials [1]. Human exposure to MWCNTs can occur throughout their life-cycle via inhalation [2,3], causing potential adverse effects, such as pulmonary fibrosis as was shown in animal experiments [4]. Therefore, there is a need to design […]
845

Assessment of Alveolar Toxicity and Fibrotic Potential In Vitro using the Mattek EpiAlveolar™ Model

Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a debilitating, typically fatal, condition caused by a variety of factors including environmental or occupational exposures, drugs, radiation, and genetic predisposition. No current in vitro (immortalized cell lines), ex vivo, in silico or in vivo models of PF fully recapitulate all salient features of the human disease. In this study, a […]
844

Organotypic in vitro human airway models can recapitulate aspects of pulmonary fibrosis

Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a debilitating, typically fatal condition that may be caused by a variety of factors, including occupational and environmental exposures, drugs such as amiodarone and bleomycin, radiation exposure and genetic predisposition. However, in 20-30% of cases the cause is unknown (i.e. idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, IPF). Currently approved IPF drugs (pirfenidone, nintedanib) have […]
589

RESPIRATORY IMMUNOTOXICITY: AN IN VITRO ASSESSMENT.

As yet, in vitro assessment of the immunotoxic potency of respiratory agents is not possible. The complexity of the endpoint and the respiratory tract, and the limited availability of well-documented respiratory agents are the main reasons. The evidence that epithelial cells (ECs) are triggered by compounds to express in vitro surface proteins and soluble mediators, […]
758

A CO-CULTURE MODEL OF THE AIR-BLOOD (ALVEOLAR) BARRIER RECONSTRUCTED FROM PRIMARY HUMAN CELLS.

Reliable in vitro human models for investigating airway toxicity are needed to advance Tox21 efforts to replace animal testing with human-based model systems. In vitro airway models based on primary human cells have been described. However, models based on animal cells or human cell lines are still most commonly employed. In the present work, we […]
619

NOTCH SIGNALING PROMOTES AIRWAY MUCOUS METAPLASIA AND INHIBITS ALVEOLAR DEVELOPMENT.

The airways are conduits that transport atmospheric oxygen to the distal alveolus. Normally, airway mucous cells are rare. However, diseases of the airway are often characterized by mucous metaplasia, in which there are dramatic increases in mucous cell numbers. As the Notch pathway is known to regulate cell fate in many contexts, we misexpressed the […]