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Dendritic cells

792

Endo-glucanase digestion of oat β-Glucan enhances Dectin-1 activation in human dendritic cells

Oat β-Glucans were studied for their immunological impact before and after enzymatic digestion in order to enhance the efficacy of oat β-Glucans for application in functional foods. Oat β-Glucan is reported to have minimal impact compared to its fungal counterpart in vitro. Digestion with endo-glucanase enhanced its efficacy towards stimulating MCP-1, RANTES, IL-8, and IL-4 production in human dendritic […]
302

RECONSTITUTED 3-DIMENSIONAL HUMAN SKIN OF VARIOUS ETHNIC ORIGINS AS AN IN VITRO MODEL FOR STUDIES OF PIGMENTATION.

Reconstituted 3-dimensional human skin equivalents containing melanocytes and keratinocytes on an artifcial dermal substitute are gaining popularity for studies of skin metabolism because they exhibit morphological and growth characteristics similar to human epidermis. In this study, we show that such a pigmented epidermis model can be used to assess the regulation of pigmentation by known […]
268

USE OF DIFFERENTIAL DISPLAY-POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION TO IDENTIFY GENES SELECTIVELY MODULATED BY CHEMICAL ALLERGENS IN RECONSTITUTED HUMAN EPIDERMIS.

In the screening of topical drugs, cosmetics and other chemicals for human use, it is very important, both from a safety and an economic point of view, to have biological markers to discriminate irritant and allergic contact dermatitis that have different impacts on human health. Owing to their anatomical location, keratinocytes are among the first […]
140

MODULATION OF CYTOKINE MESSAGE IN THE EPIDERM IN VITRO SKIN MODEL FOLLOWING TREATMENT WITH CONTACT ALLERGENS AND SKIN IRRITANTS.

Previous studies have demonstrated that EpiDerm™ (Mattek Corporation) in vitro skin model constitutively expresses message for several cytokines (Limardi et al., 1996 JID 106, 939). The objective of research presented here is to assess the ability of irritants and contact allergens to modulate cytokine message in the EpiDerm model. Total RNA was isolated at 2 […]
254

NEW PERSPECTIVES ON SKIN-COMPATIBLE DETERGENTS FOR SENSITIVE SKIN.

An interdisciplinary working group comprising manufactures of washing machines and household detergents (IKW/ZVEI) has studied whether or not household detergents today can provoke skin reactions. The results showed that modern technologies (washing machines and detergents) do not generally lead to higher levels of residues on washed textiles than the technologies of the 1980s. Consumer perception […]
589

RESPIRATORY IMMUNOTOXICITY: AN IN VITRO ASSESSMENT.

As yet, in vitro assessment of the immunotoxic potency of respiratory agents is not possible. The complexity of the endpoint and the respiratory tract, and the limited availability of well-documented respiratory agents are the main reasons. The evidence that epithelial cells (ECs) are triggered by compounds to express in vitro surface proteins and soluble mediators, […]
122

INITIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF AN EPIDERMAL MODEL CONTAINING FUNCTIONAL MELANOCYTES.

A model of the human epidermis, EpiDerm™, cultured from foreskin derived normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) has been shown to reproduce many of the histological and ultrastructural properties of native epidermis. In an effort to extend the utility and complexity of these cultures, normal human melanocytes (NHM) have recently been incorporated. Both melanocyte free and […]
399

CHARACTERIZATION AND TESTING OF NEW BUCCAL AND GINGIVAL TISSUE MODELS.

This study by scientists at the University of Washington, University of Iowa and Mattek Corp. demonstrated that Mattek’s EpiOral and EpiGingival in vitro human buccal and gingival oral tissue equivalents showed good correspondence to human explant buccal and gingival tissue structure, protein expression, and lipid content; reproducibility of the tissues was very good; and differences […]
291

RECONSTRUCTED HUMAN VAGINAL-ECTOCERVICAL TISSUE MODELS.

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is now the fourth most common cause of death worldwide. In the last 20 years, more than 60 million people have been infected with the virus. By the end of 2002, an estimated 42 million people globally were living with HIV and the majority of new infections occurred in young adult […]
408

THE USE OF PLASMACYTOID DENDRITIC CELLS FOR ALLERGENICITY SCREENING OF CHEMICALS.

This study by Mattek Corp. scientists demonstrated that increased expression of CD86 in pDC’s, a subset of Mattek’s Human Dendritic Cells, can be used as a sensitive and specific marker for the identification of chemical allergens. Also see TR-449 – it contains more recent pDC allergenicity information. Development of a predictive test system to screen […]
301

IN HUMAN EPIDERMIS, BETA-DEFENSIN 2 IS PACKAGED IN LAMELLAR BODIES.

The skin presents a mechanical, as well as an immunological barrier to infection, and displays considerable innate immune capacity. Recently, cultured human keratinocytes were described to produce and export a microbicidal peptide human-defensin 2 (HBD-2). Immunogold was used to label ultrathin cryosections of stimulated, cultured human epidermis. HBD-2 was found to be stored in the […]
292

HUMAN β-DEFENSIN EXPRESSION IN A NEW BUCCAL EPITHELIAL TISSUE MODEL.

Oral epithelia function as microbial barriers against bacteria and yeast that are resident in the oral cavity. These microbes can be categorized as non-pathogenic (commensal) and pathogenic (resulting in cavities, gingivitis, and periodontal disease, etc.). The epithelium is actively involved in recognition and response to bacteria, setting into motion the innate immune responses that are […]
398

GENETICALLY-ENGINEERED IL-10-SECRETING KERATINOCYTES CONDITION LANGERHANS CELLS TOWARDS A TOLERAGENIC PHENOTYPE.

This study by researchers at the State University of New York at Stony Brook demonstrated that Mattek’s Human Dendritic (Langerhans) Cells can be used to determine the influence of epithelial cells and cytokines on Langerhans cell activation and phenotype in response to microbial challenge. Epidermal Langerhans cells (Mattek Corp.), “sentinels” of the epithelium, undergo increased […]
266

ORGANOTYPIC ECTOCERVICO-VAGINAL TISSUE MODEL CONTAINING DENDRITIC CELLS.

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is now the fourth most common cause of death worldwide. In the last 20 years, more than 60 million people have been infected with the virus. By the end of 2001, an estimated 40 million people globally were living with HIV, and the majority of new infections occurred in young adult […]
647

IN VITRO MODEL FOR IMMUNOTOXICITY: SURFACE MARKER EXPRESSION AND CYTOKINE RELEASE IN NORMAL HUMAN DENDRITIC CELLS (DC-100).

Dendritic cells (DC) play a key role in the initiation of immune response by recognizing, internalizing, processing, and presenting antigens to T cells. However, DC function can be altered by environmental factors, pharmaceutical agents, and exogenous chemicals. These perturbations to immune cell function, i.e. immunotoxicity, can have significant effects on the natural defense mechanisms that […]
429

A HUMAN ORAL TISSUE MODEL TO EVALUATE TOXICITY AND ANTI-HIV ACTIVITY OF THE SPERMICIDE-MICROBICIDE, NONOXYNOL-9M.

This study by researchers at the University of Washington, the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and Mattek Corp. demonstrated that a new form of Mattek’s EpiOral full thickness human buccal tissue equivalent containing Langerhans Cells appears to be useful in evaluating pre-clinical microbicide toxicity and efficacy. Background: There is a need for a reproducible in […]
451

ACTIVATED CD34-DERIVED LANGERHANS CELLS MEDIATE TRANSINFECTION WITH HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS.

This study by researchers at Northwestern University’s Feinberg School of Medicine and the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine demonstrated that it was possible to create and isolate a Langerhans Cells (LCs) subset of Mattek Human Dendritic Cells (DC-100) that exhibited the morphological, ultrastructural and cell surface markers exhibited by Langerhans Cells in […]
440

IN VITRO DERIVED DENDRITIC CELLS TRANS-INFECT CD4 T CELLS PRIMARILY WITH SURFACE-BOUND HIV-1 VIRIONS.

This study by researchers at the University of California at San Francisco (UCSF) demonstrated that Mattek’s Human Dendritic Cells can be used to study the infection mechanism of HIV-1 virus from dendritic cells to T cells. In the prevailing model of HIV-1 trans-infection, dendritic cells (DCs) capture and internalize intact virions and transfer these virions […]
425

LANGERHANS CELLS RELEASE PROSTAGLANDIN D2 IN RESPONSE TO NICOTINIC ACID.

This study by researchers at Arena Pharmaceuticals demonstrated that Mattek’s Human Dendritic Cells can be used to identify the mechanism of a drug’s in vivo adverse side effects. Nicotinic acid, used for atherosclerosis treatment, has an adverse effect of skin flushing. The flushing mechanism, thought to be caused by the release of prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), […]
407

NOREPINEPHRINE INHIBITS LANGERHANS CELL ACTIVATION BY ALTERING CYTOKINE RELEASE.

This study by researchers at Estee Lauder Research Laboratories and Cornell’s Weill Medical College demonstrated that norepinephrine binding to beta adrenergic receptors expressed on the surface of human Langerhans Cells (Mattek’s Human Dendritic Cells) mediated the decrease in immune function by preventing the activation of these immune cells. Psychological stress is potentially harmful to the […]
305

IMPROVED METHOD FOR THE GENERATION OF LONG LIVED AND FUNCTIONALLY ACTIVE DENDRITIC/LANGERHANS CELLS FROM CD34+ PROGENITOR CELLS.

The difficulty in harvesting large number of cells, short survival time, and rapid phenotypic changes in culture have prevented the widespread use of human dendritic cells (DC)/Langerhans cells (LC) for fundamental studies involving these key immunological cells. Here Mattek scientists report on an improved method of generating DC from CD34+ progenitor cells derived from human […]
475

NOREPINEPHRINE MODULATES HUMAN DENDRITIC CELL ACTIVATION BY ALTERING CYTOKINE RELEASE.

This study by researchers at Weill Medical College of Cornell University and Clinique Laboratories demonstrated how Mattek’s Human Dendritic Cells can be used to observe the effect of a specific compound (norepinephrine) on the cytokine expression of cells that are central to the immune response in human skin. Norepinephrine (NE) can modulate dendritic cell (DC) […]
779

The impact of dietary fibers on dendritic cell responses in vitro is dependent on the differential effects of the fibers on intestinal epithelial cells

SCOPE: In the present study, the direct interaction of commonly consumed fibers with epithelial or dendritic cells (DCs) was studied. METHODS AND RESULTS: The fibers were characterized for their sugar composition and chain length profile. When in direct contact, fibers activate DCs only mildly. This was different when DCs and fibers were co-cultured together with […]
748

EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS ENCODED DUTPASE CONTAINING EXOSOMES MODULATE INNATE AND ADAPTIVE IMMUNE RESPONSES IN HUMAN DENDRITIC CELLS AND PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS.

We have recently demonstrated that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded deoxyuridine triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase (dUTPase) modulates innate immunity in human primary monocyte-derived macrophages through toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 leading to NF-KB activation and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Our previous depletion studies indicated that dendritic cells (DCs) may also be a target of the EBV-encoded dUTPase. However, the […]
741

ATTENUATION OF NIACIN-INDUCED PROSTAGLANDIN D2 GENERATION BY OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS IN THP-1 MACROPHAGES AND LANGERHANS DENDRITIC CELLS.

Niacin, also known as nicotinic acid, is an organic compound that has several cardiobeneficial effects. However, its use is limited due to the induction of a variable flushing response in most individuals. Flushing occurs from a niacin receptor mediated generation of prostaglandins from arachidonic acid metabolism. This study examined the ability of docosahexaenoic  acid, eicosapentaenoic […]
721

HUMAN INTESTINAL DENDRITIC CELLS DECREASE CYTOKINE RELEASE AGAINST SALMONELLA INFECTION IN THE PRESENCE OF LACTOBACILLUS PARACASEI UPON TLR ACTIVATION.

Probiotic bacteria have been shown to modulate immune responses and could have therapeutic effects in allergic and inflammatory disorders. However, little is known about the signaling pathways that are engaged by probiotics. Dendritic cells (DCs) are antigen-presenting cells that are involved in immunity and tolerance. Monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs) and murine DCs are different from […]
675

ASSURING SAFETY WITHOUT ANIMAL TESTING: DEVELOPMENT OF MECHANISTIC UNDERSTANDING OF DENDRITIC CELL ACTIVATION RESPONSE TO CHEMICAL SENSITISERS.

Assuring consumer safety without the generation of new animal data is currently a considerable challenge but one that we believe is ultimately achievable. Skin allergy (sensitisation) is an important consumer safety endpoint for home and personal care products and an endpoint where animal data (e.g. mouse local lymph node assay data) are often needed to […]
502

GENE EXPRESSION ANALYSIS OF DENDRITIC/LANGERHANS CELLS AND LANGERHANS CELL HISTIOCYTOSIS.

This study by researchers in the departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Pediatric Oncology at the University of Groningen demonstrated that Mattek’s Human Langerhans/Dendritic Cells are an excellent in vitro model for studying the gene expression of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH). Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a neoplastic disorder that results in clonal proliferation […]
477

COLCHICINE PROMOTES ANTIGEN CROSS-PRESENTATION BY MURINE DENDRITIC CELLS.

This study by researchers at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center demonstrated that Mattek’s Human Langerhans/Dendritic Cells are an excellent in vitro model for investigating and predicting the likely interactions of drugs (Colchicine) with human dendritic cells. Colchicine (COL) is a microtubule depolymerizing drug that has been widely used for the treatment of many […]
330

REINFORCEMENT OF INNATE HOST DEFENSE VIA INDUCTION OF ANTI-MICROBIAL PEPTIDES.

Anti-microbial peptides are an important weapon of the innate immune response arsenal. The large surface area of the skin provides an easy target for microbial colonization. Keratinocytes monitor the surface of the skin for potential hazards. When a potential pathogen is encountered, keratinocytes release anti-microbial peptides. We investigated a battery of substances for inducing NHEKs […]
411

CATIONIC POLYPEPTIDES ARE REQUIRED FOR ANTI-HIV-1-ACTIVITY OF HUMAN VAGINAL FLUID.

This study by researchers at the University of Central Florida Biomolecular Science Center demonstrated that Mattek’s EpiVaginal human cervico-vaginal tissue equivalent is an excellent in vitro model for investigating HIV-1 infection via the mucosal surfaces of the vagina, as well as agents that may inhibit/prevent this route of HIV-1 infection, because of the tissue’s ability […]
676

DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW RECONSTRUCTED HUMAN EPIDERMIS (RHE)-BASED SCREENING ASSAY FOR CONTACT ALLERGENS.

Recent changes in regulatory restrictions and social views against animal testing called for the development of reliable in vitro tests for predicting skin sensitizing potential of a broad range of cosmetic raw materials. Also, many of these raw materials include lipophilic compounds and complex mixtures, which could be out of the applicability domain for known […]
317

FOLLOW-UP TO THE ECVAM PREVALIDATION STUDY ON IN VITRO TESTS FOR ACUTE SKIN IRRITATION.

The European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods (ECVAM) Skin Irritation Task Force was established in 1996, to review the status of the development and validation of alternative tests for skin irritation and corrosion, and to identify appropriate non-animal tests for predicting human skin irritation that were sufficiently well-developed to be prevalidated and validated […]
324

CHARACTERIZATION AND EVALUATION OF CD34+ GENERATED LANGERHANS CELLS FOR TISSUE ENGINEERING.

Specialized antigen-presenting cells (APC), particularly Langerhans cells (LC) residing in the skin, mucosa, and lymphoid tissues play a key role in sensitization and other immunological reactions of the body. However, difficulty in harvesting, short survival time in culture, and variability in cytokine production of cultured LC has prevented researchers from widespread use of LC for […]
322

NORMAL HUMAN DENDRITIC CELLS: A TOOL TO STUDY ALLERGIC AND IMMUNOLOGICAL REACTIONS IN VITRO.

Dendritic cells (DC) or Langerhans cells (LC) are immunological cells of the body which play a key role in allergic reactions and infectious diseases. However, widespread experimental use of DC has not occurred since previously-used methods of harvesting DC directly from tissue result in poor yields, short survival time, and rapid phenotypic changes. Currently, we […]
311

HARVEST, PROLIFERATION, AND FUNCTIONAL TESTING OF HUMAN DENDRITIC CELLS.

Purpose: Difficulty in harvesting large numbers of cells, short survival time, and rapid phenotypic changes in culture have prevented the widespread use of human dendritic cells (DC) for many fundamental studies applicable to the initial stages of pharmaceutical discovery and development. The ability to overcome these problems would enable a broad variety of extremely useful […]
529

A PLASMACYTOID DENDRITIC CELL (CD123+/CD11c−) BASED ASSAY SYSTEM TO PREDICT CONTACT ALLERGENICITY OF CHEMICALS.

This study by scientists at Mattek Corp. demonstrated that CD86 expression in the plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell (pDC) fraction of Mattek’s Human Dendritic Cells is a sensitive and specific indicator of contact allergenicity, and that an assay method utilizing normal human plasmacytoid dendritic cells will be useful for high throughput screening of chemicals for allergenicity. A […]
133

CYTOKINE AND LIPID MEDIATOR RELEASE FROM IN VITRO SKIN MODELS FOLLOWING DETERGENT TREATMENT OR PHYSICAL WOUNDING.

The purpose of the present work is to characterize two in vitro skin mod-els with regard to release of inflammatory cytokines and lipids under basal conditions and following chemical or physical damage. The two models evaluated are Skin2 (Advanced Tissue Sciences) and EpiDerm (Mattek Corporation). Model tissues were topically treated with SDS or were slice-wounded […]
121

CYTOKINE RESPONSE OF THE EPIDERM SKIN MODEL TO TOPICALLY APPLIED IRRITANTS AND TOXICANTS.

EpiDerm™, Mattek Corporation’s in vitro reproduction of the human epidermis provides a convenient way in which toxicity and irritation potential of chemicals and physical stresses can be assessed. Derived from single strains of human keratinocytes, the model contains layers of cells which have differentiated into easily recognizable component strata of human epidermis. These include basal, […]
382

LARGE SCALE PRODUCTION OF LANGERHANS CELLS/PLASMACYTOID DENDRITIC CELLS FOR ALLERGENICITY STUDIES AND IN VITRO TISSUE ENGINEERING.

This study by Mattek scientists demonstrated that Mattek’s Human Dendritic Cells are an excellent in vitro model for use in a wide variety of studies related to allergenicity, microbial infection and transmission, neutralizing antibodies and anti-microbial agents, antigen capture and presentation, innate immunity and immuno-therapy. Langerhans cells (LC)/dendritic cells (DC) residing in mucosal tissues play […]
342

GENERATION OF LONG LIVED DENDRITIC CELLS FOR ALLERGENICITY STUDIES AND MUCOSAL TISSUE ENGINEERING.

Dendritic cells (DC) residing in the skin, mucosa, and lymphoid tissues play a key role in sensitization and viral infection. However, difficulty in harvesting, short survival time in culture, rapid phenotypic changes, and variability in cytokine release patterns by cultured DC have limited the use of human dendritic cells (DC) for fundamental cell based studies […]
340

LARGE SCALE PREPARATION OF DENDRITIC CELLS FROM CD34+ PROGENITOR CELLS FOR IMMUNOLOGICAL STUDIES.

Specialized antigen-presenting cells (APC), particularly Langerhans cells/dendritic cells (LC/DC) residing in the skin, mucosa, and lymphoid tissues play a key role in inducing immunological responses following exposure to antigens that induce danger signals to the host. However, difficulty in harvesting, short survival time, and variability in cytokine production capacity of cultured LC have prevented researchers […]
247

APPROACHES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF CELL-BASED IN VITRO METHODS FOR CONTACT SENSITIZATION.

Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a cell-mediated immune response to small molecular weight chemicals that contact and penetrate the skin. There are a variety of characteristics that determine whether a chemical can function as a contact sensitizer (or allergen) including the ability to penetrate into the skin, react with protein and be recognized as antigenic […]
568

EVALUATION OF PLASMACYTOID DENDRITIC CELL-BASED ASSAY TO DETERMINE CHEMICAL ALLERGENICITY.

Human dendritic cells have been used to evaluate the allergenicity potential of chemicals and develop alternatives to existing animal models utilized throughout industry to monitor products for contact sensitization. Development of such non-animal alternative assay systems for hazard assessment directly addresses REACH (Registration, Evaluation, and Authorization of Chemicals). In this study, we investigated whether CD86 […]
646

PLASMACYTOID DENDRITIC CELL-BASED ASSAY AS AN IN VITRO ALTERNATIVE FOR CHEMICAL ALLERGENICITY SCREENING.

Human dendritic cells (DC) have been used as an alternative to existing animal models utilized throughout industry to monitor products for contact sensitization.  Such methods are necessary to comply with the ban on animal testing imposed by the Cosmetics Directive in the EU.  In this study, we investigated whether CD86 expression in plasmacytoid DC (pDC) […]
449

PLASMACYTOID DENDRITIC CELLS AS A TOOL FOR TESTING ALLERGENICITY OF CHEMICALS.

This study by Mattek Corp. scientists demonstrated that Mattek’s Human Dendritic Cells (DCs) contain both plasmacytoid DCs (pDC) and myeloid DCs (mDC), that they can be separated into those 2 cell populations, and that Mattek pDCs can be used to differentiate between allergens and irritants with a high degree of sensitivity (92-94%) and specificity (93-100%). […]
295

IMPROVED RESPONSIVENESS OF LANGERHANS / DENDRITIC CELLS TO ALLERGENS.

Langerhans cells (LC) are immature dendritic cells (DC) that are highly specialized antigen-presenting cells (APC) located in the skin, mucosa, and lymphoid tissues. LC play a key role in the induction phase of contact allergenicity, and hence it may be possible to develop an in vitro LC-based assay for contact sensitization. The difficulty in harvesting […]