Wound healing

Toxicological Aspects of in vitro Oral Mucosa Wound Healing Models

Wounds in the oral cavity tissues can result from surgical procedures, accidents, and canker sores. Oral wounds present a site for potential infection and increased sensitivity to oral irritants. Untreated wounds can lead to pathogen invasion, chronic pain, poor cosmetic outcomes, and in some cases, extended hospitalization. Thus, damaged oral mucosal tissue needs to be […]

Synthetic Retinoid Seletinoid G Improves Skin Barrier Function through Wound Healing and Collagen Realignment in Human Skin Equivalents

The outer epidermal skin is a primary barrier that protects the body from extrinsic factors, such as ultraviolet (UV) radiation, chemicals and pollutants. The complete epithelialization of a wound by keratinocytes is essential for restoring the barrier function of the skin. However, age-related alterations predispose the elderly to impaired wound healing. Therefore, wound-healing efficacy could […]

In vitro reconstructed 3D corneal tissue models for ocular toxicology and ophthalmic drug development

Testing of all manufactured products and their ingredients for eye irritation is a regulatory requirement. In the last two decades, the development of alternatives to the in vivo Draize eye irritation test method has substantially advanced due to the improvements in primary cell isolation, cell culture techniques, and media, which have led to improved in […]

In vitro three-dimensional organotypic culture models of the oral mucosa

Three-dimensional, organotypic models of the oral mucosa have been developed to study a wide variety of phenomena occurring in the oral cavity. Although a number of models have been developed in academic research labs, only a few models have been commercialized. Models from academic groups offer a broader range of phenotypes while the commercial models […]

Human small intestinal organotypic culture model for drug permeation, inflammation, and toxicity assays

The gastrointestinal tract (GIT), in particular, the small intestine, plays a significant role in food digestion, fluid and electrolyte transport, drug absorption and metabolism, and nutrient uptake. As the longest portion of the GIT, the small intestine also plays a vital role in protecting the host against pathogenic or opportunistic microbial invasion. However, establishing polarized […]

Effects of Epidermal Growth Factor-Loaded Mucoadhesive Films on Wounded Oral Tissue Rafts

Current treatments for traumatic oral mucosal wounds include the gold standard of autologous tissue and alternative tissue engineered grafts. While use of autografts has disadvantages of minimal availability of oral keratinized tissue, second surgery, and donor site discomfort, tissue engineered grafts are limited by their unavailability as off-the-shelf products owing to their fabrication time of […]

In vivo antiviral host transcriptional response to SARS-CoV-2 by viral load, sex, and age

Despite limited genomic diversity, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2) has shown a wide range of clinical manifestations in different patient populations. The mechanisms behind these host differences are still unclear. Here, we examined host response gene expression across infection status, viral load, age, and sex among shotgun RNA sequencing profiles of nasopharyngeal (NP) […]

Anti-Aging Potentials of Methylene Blue for Human Skin Longevity

Oxidative stress is the major cause of skin aging that includes wrinkles, pigmentation, and weakened wound healing ability. Application of antioxidants in skin care is well accepted as an effective approach to delay the skin aging process. Methylene blue (MB), a traditional mitochondrial-targeting antioxidant, showed a potent ROS scavenging efficacy in cultured human skin fibroblasts […]

Modulation of cutaneous scavenger receptor B1 levels by exogenous stressors impairs “in vitro” wound closure

Scavenger receptor B1 (SR-B1) is a trans-membrane protein, involved in tissue reverse cholesterol transport. Several studies have demonstrated that SR-B1 is also implicated in other physiological processes, such as bacteria and apoptotic cells recognition and regulation of intracellular tocopherol and carotenoids levels. Among the tissues where it is localized, SR-B1 has been shown to be […]

Combined reflectance confocal microscopy/optical coherence tomography imaging for skin burn assessment

A combined high-resolution reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM)/optical coherence tomography (OCT) instrument for assessing skin burn gravity has been built and tested. This instrument allows for visualizing skin intracellular details with submicron resolution in the RCM mode and morphological and birefringence modifications to depths on the order of 1.2 mm in the OCT mode. Preliminary testing of […]

ASTHMATIC AIRWAY EPITHELIUM IS INTRINSICALLY INFLAMMATORY AND MITOTICALLY DYSSYNCHRONOUS.

Asthma is an inflammatory condition for which anti-inflammatory glucocorticoids are the standard of care. However, similar efficacy has not been shown for agents targeting inflammatory cells and pathways. This suggests a noninflammatory cell contributor (e.g., epithelium) to asthmatic inflammation. Herein, we sought to define the intrinsic and glucocorticoid-affected properties of asthmatic airway epithelium compared with […]

BACTERIAL INACTIVATION OF WOUND INFECTION IN A HUMAN SKIN MODEL BY LIQUID-PHASE DISCHARGE PLASMA.

Background:  We investigate disinfection of a reconstructed human skin model contaminated with biofilm-formative Staphylococcus aureus employing plasma discharge in liquid. Principal Findings: We observed statistically significant 3.83-log10 (p,0.001) and 1.59-log10 (p,0.05) decreases in colony forming units of adherent S. aureus bacteria and 24 h S. aureus biofilm culture with plasma treatment. Plasma treatment was associated […]

3D-WOUND HEALING MODEL: INFLUENCE OF MORPHINE AND SOLID LIPID NANOPARTICLES.

For efficient pain reduction in severe skin wounds, topically applied opioids may be a new option. Moreover, by stimulating keratinocyte migration opioids may also accelerate wound healing. Yet, conventional formulations failed to consistently provide sufficient pain control in patients which may be due to local drug  degradation or insufficient concentrations at the target site. After […]

ULTRASTRUCTURAL AND HISTOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF EXPOSURE TO CEES OR HEAT IN A HUMAN EPIDERMAL MODEL.

Ultrastructural and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase nick end labeling (TUNEL) studies were conducted to compare mechanisms of 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES) and heat-induced injury to EpiDerm™. Twenty-two hours after 2-h exposure to the mono-functional alkylating agent CEES, budding of cytoplasm, clumping of nuclear chromatin, disintegration of nuclear membranes and cytoplasmic structures, and cytoplasmic vacuolization were detected, […]

EPIDERM™ FULL THICKNESS (EPIDERMFT™), A DERMAL/EPIDERMAL SKIN EQUIVALENT WITH A FULLY DEVELOPED BASEMENT MEMBRANE.

Paracrine signaling between dermal fibroblasts and epidermal keratinocytes is believed to modulate skin responses during contact irritant or allergic reactions. Dermal fibroblasats also play an important role in photo-aging and photo-damage, wound healing and cancer progression. To enable in vitro study of these and other dermal phenomena in which fibroblast-epidermal keratinocyte interactions are important, a […]

WOUND HEALING RESPONSE OF A FULL THICKNESS IN VITRO HUMAN SKIN EQUIVALENT (EPIDERM-FT™ 200) AFTER SOLAR UV-IRRADIATION.

Normal human epidermal keratinocytes (KC) and dermal fibroblasts (FB) were cultured to produce full-thickness skin equivalents with FB-containing dermal and stratified epidermal components and fully developed basement membrane at the dermal/epidermal junction (EpiDermFT 200). The wound healing response of EpiDermFT after solar UV-irradiation was compared to excised human skin. H&E stained paraffin sections of EpiDermFT […]

TIMECOURSE OF HEALING AFTER UV-INDUCED DAMAGE IN THE EPIDERM-FT IN VITRO HUMAN SKIN MODEL.

Solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation is known to have deleterious effects on human skin.  UVB (280-320 nm) and UVA (320-400 nm) segments of solar radiation have been shown to affect keratinocytes, the major cellular constituent of the epidermis, by causing direct DNA damage and/or indirect DNA damage and cytotoxicity through the formation of reactive oxygen species […]

IMPROVED HEALING IN TISSUE CULTURE MODEL OF VESICANT INJURY SHOWN BY HIGH FEATURE ANTIMICROBIAL DRESSING.

Quick-Med Technologies (QMT) has developed a dressing for the treatment of vesicant injuries following debridement under an army Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program grant. This dressing is designed to enable optimal wound healing by providing a moist wound healing environment with antimicrobial protection and protease inhibiting properties, through sustained delivery of an antibiotic (doxycycline) […]

CUTANEOUS WOUND HEALING IN THE EPIDERMFT™ FULL-THICKNESS IN VITRO HUMAN SKIN MODEL: ROLE OF SERUM GROWTH FACTORS.

Timely and efficient epidermal wound healing is necessary for normal skin barrier function.  Cutaneous wound healing involves interactions between dermal fibroblasts and epidermal keratinocytes as well as cell-extracellular matrix interactions (1-4).  The current study describes wound healing experiments conducted in a full-thickness in vitro human skin model (EpiDerm-FT).  This model exhibits stratified epidermal components and […]

TO DEVELOP AN IN-VITRO (EFT-300) SKIN MODEL FOR THE STUDY OF WOUND HEALING.

This study by scientists at Florida A&M University College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Mattek Corp. demonstrated that Mattek’s EpiDermFT full-thickness in vitro human skin tissue equivalent is an excellent in vitro model for studying the human skin wound healing process. Wound healing is a natural process, which involves the regeneration of epidermal and […]

HEALING OF DERMAL WOUNDS IN THE EPIDERM-FT™ IN VITRO HUMAN SKIN MODEL: AN ANIMAL ALTERNATIVE FOR WOUND HEALING ISSUES.

This study by scientists at Mattek Corp. demonstrated that Mattek’s EpiDerm-FT full thickness in vitro human skin tissue equivalent is an excellent in vitro model for studying the dermal-epidermal wound-healing interactions produced by physical wounding of these tissues. Background: Dermal wound healing involves interactions between dermal fibroblasts and epidermal keratinocytes, as well as cell and […]

MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE (MMP) EXPRESSION IN THE EPIDERM-FT SKIN EQUIVALENT: RELEVANCE TO DERMAL WOUND HEALING AND BLISTERING SKIN DISEASES.

Using Mattek’s EpiDermFT full-thickness in vitro human skin equivalent, scientists at Mattek Corp. showed that epidermal keratinocytes have a significant influence over the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP’s) by dermal fibroblasts, demonstrating why EpiDermFT is useful in investigating MMP expression and how it affects dermal wound healing, tissue remodeling, blistering diseases, tumor invasion and metastasis. […]

TOPICALLY APPLIED LIPOSOME-ENCAPSULATED T4 ENDONUCLEASE V INCREASES REPAIR OF UV-INDUCED CYCLOBUTANE PYRIMIDINE DIMERS IN NORMAL REPAIR PROFICIENT RECONSTRUCTED SKIN.

This study by scientists at AGI Dermatics demonstrated that Mattek’s EpiDermFT full-thickness in vitro human skin tissue equivalent can be used as a model for DNA repair in human skin and to investigate the effects of topical application of liposome-encapsulated DNA repair enzymes. Reconstructed skin is a useful model because it uses human cells and […]

THE EFFECT OF SCARGUARD ON COLLAGENASE LEVELS USING A FULL-THICKNESS EPIDERMAL MODEL.

This study by scientists at Chondrex, Inc. and the Albert Einstein School of Medicine demonstrated that Mattek’s EpiDermFT full-thickness in vitro human skin tissue equivalent can be used to assess the ability of formulations to affect the release of procollagenase, an essential mediator in the (human skin) wound healing process. Background: Despite meticulous wound care […]

WOUND HEALING RESPONSE OF THE EPIDERM FULL THICKNESS (EPIDERM-FT™) IN VITRO HUMAN SKIN EQUIVALENT AFTER SOLAR UV IRRADIATION: COMPARISON TO EXCISED HUMAN SKIN.

Normal human epidermal keratinocytes (KC) and dermal fibroblasts (FB) were cultured to produce full-thickness skin equivalents consisting of FB-containing dermal and stratified epidermal components with a fully developed basement membrane at the dermal/epidermal junction (EpiDerm-FT 200, EFT). The wound healing response of EFT after solar UV-irradiation was compared to excised human skin. H&E stained paraffin […]

EPIDERM™ FULL THICKNESS (EPIDERM-FT™), A DERMAL-EPIDERMAL SKIN MODEL WITH A FULLY DEVELOPED BASEMENT MEMBRANE.

Paracrine signaling between dermal fibroblasts (FB) and epidermal keratinocytes (KC) is believed to modulate skin responses during contact irritant or allergic reactions. Dermal FB also play an important role in photo-aging and photo-damage, wound healing and cancer progression. To enable in vitro study of these and other dermal phenomena in which FB-KC interactions are important, […]

NOVEL SILK FIBROIN/ELASTIN WOUND DRESSINGS.

Silk fibroin (SF) and elastin (EL) scaffolds were successfully produced for the first time for the treatment of burn wounds. The self-assembly properties of SF, together with the excellent chemical and mechanical stability and biocompatibility, were combined with elastin protein to produce scaffolds with the ability to mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM). Porous scaffolds were […]

MICROVESICATING EFFECTS OF SULFUR MUSTARD ON AN IN VITRO HUMAN SKIN MODEL.

This study by scientists at the US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, University of Iowa, Harvard Medical School and Mattek Corp. demonstrated that Mattek’s EpiDermFT full-thickness in vitro 3-D human skin tissue equivalent with a well-developed basement membrane structure is a useful tool for in vitro mechanistic studies of sulfur mustard vesicant (blistering) […]

FULL THICKNESS EPIDERM™, A DERMAL-EPIDERMAL SKIN MODEL TO STUDY EPITHELIAL-MESENCHYMAL INTERACTIONS.

It has long been recognized that significant paracrine signaling occurs between dermal fibroblasts and epidermal keratinocytes. Further, it is understood that such interactions likely modulate the response of skin to materials which may lead to contact irritant or allergic responses. Also, dermis related phenomena such as photo-aging and photo-damage, wound healing and cancer progression are […]

Wound healing revised: A novel reepithelialization mechanism revealed by in vitro and in silico models

Wound healing is a complex process in which a tissue’s individual cells have to be orchestrated in an efficient and robust way. We integrated multiplex protein analysis, immunohistochemical analysis, and whole-slide imaging into a novel medium-throughput platform for quantitatively capturing proliferation, differentiation, and migration in large numbers of organotypic skin cultures comprising epidermis and dermis. […]

A THERMOSENSITIVE MORPHINE-CONTAINING HYDROGEL FOR THE TREATMENT OF LARGE-SCALE SKIN WOUNDS.

Purpose:  Topically applied opioids are an option to induce efficient analgesia in patients with severe skin wounds. For ongoing pain reduction, the vehicle should provide sustained drug release in order to increase the intervals during the regular wound dressing changes. In addition, the formulation should not impair wound healing. Hydrogels provide a moist wound environment, […]

USE OF EPIDERM FULL THICKNESS (EFT) SKIN CULTURES AS AN IN VITRO MODEL FOR WOUND HEALING.

Background:  Wound healing is a natural process which involves the regeneration of epidermal and dermal tissue with expression of growth factors and inflammatory markers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the EpiDerm full thickness (EpiDerm-FT, EFT) skin culture as an in-vitro wound healing model to understand the healing process after chemical induced wounding. […]

WOUND HEALING AND EXPRESSION OF ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES/ POLYPEPTIDES IN HUMAN KERATINOCYTES, A CONSEQUENCE OF COMMON GROWTH FACTORS.

In addition to acting as a physical barrier against microorganisms, the skin produces antimicrobial peptides and proteins. After wounding, growth factors are produced to stimulate the regeneration of tissue. The growth factor response ceases after regeneration of the tissue, when the physical barrier protecting against microbial infections is re-established. We found that the growth factors […]

WOUNDING UPREGULATES VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR PRODUCTION BY KERATINOCYTES OF IN VITRO RECONSTRUCTED HUMAN EPIDERMIS.

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is produced by keratinocytes and has been implicated in the past in animal models as the major factor involved in wound healing associated angiogenesis. In the present study we investigated the effects of wounding on the VEGF production by human keratinocytes of in vitro reconstructed epidermis (EpiDerm™). For this purpose […]

ARTIFICIAL HUMAN SKIN: CYTOKINE, PROSTAGLANDIN, HSP7O AND HISTOLOGICAL RESPONSES TO HEAT EXPOSURE.

INITIAL RESULTS WITH EPI-201, A DEVELOPING IN VITRO MODEL OF HUMAN EPIDERMIS.

DEVELOPMENT OF A FULL THICKNESS IN VITRO HUMAN SKIN EQUIVALENT (EPIDERM-FT) FOR SULFUR MUSTARD RESEARCH.

This study by scientists at the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense and Mattek Corp. demonstrated that Mattek’s EpiDermFT full-thickness in vitro human skin tissue equivalent is an excellent in vitro alternative for studying the effects of human skin exposure to mustard gas. Skin exposure to the chemical warfare agent bis-(â-chloroethyl)sulfide (mustard gas) […]

TGF-á REGULATES TLR EXPRESSION AND FUNCTION ON EPIDERMAL KERATINOCYTES.

This study by researchers at the UCLA School of Medicine and the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics demonstrated that Mattek’s EpiDerm human skin tissue equivalent can be used to investigate how TGF-á, a growth and differentiation factor present during wound healing and in psoriasis, up-regulates toll-like receptor (TLR) expression and function on keratinocytes, thereby […]

EFFECTS OF CEES ON INFLAMMATORY MEDIATORS, HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN 70A, HISTOLOGY AND ULTRASTRUCTURE IN TWO SKIN MODELS.

Chemical warfare threats require the development of diverse models for the assessment of countermeasures. Human skin products, Skin2 (differentiating keratinocytes on a fibroblast-collagen matrix) and EpiDerm (differentiating keratinocytes) were exposed (2 h) to the sulfur mustard 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES. 1-2 mg l(-1) min(-1)) in humidified air or to humidified air alone. Tissues were evaluated […]

INJURY ENHANCES TLR2 FUNCTION AND ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDE EXPRESSION THROUGH A VITAMIN D–DEPENDENT MECHANISM.

This study by researchers at UCSD, UCLA, UCSF, the University of Michigan and Schering AG demonstrated that Mattek’s EpiDerm human skin tissue equivalent can be used to study the effects of vitamin D3 on the human epidermis, specifically on keratinocytes, enabling them to recognize and respond to microbes, and to protect wounds against infection. An […]

GENE EXPRESSION PROFILE OF TISSUE ENGINEERED SKIN SUBJECTED TO ACUTE BARRIER DISRUPTION.

The main function of the skin is to protect the body from infection, dehydration, and other environmental insults by creating an impermeable barrier of cornified cell layers, the stratum corneum. In contrast to cells in culture, tissue-engineeried skin equivalents contain well-developed basal, spinous, granular, and cornified cell layers providing an excellent model to study the […]

ORGANOTYPIC HUMAN SMALL INTESTINAL TISSUE TO ASSESS EPITHELIAL RESTITUTION.

Purpose:  The intestinal epithelium (SMI) forms an important physiological barrier in the gastrointestinal tract but this barrier can be compromised by a wide range of substances including drugs, microbes, and dietary substances traveling through the lumen.  Since repeated epithelial damage or injury are implicated in intestinal disorders including inflammatory bowel diseases, rapid closure or resealing […]

IN VITRO SCREENING TECHNIQUES IN DERMATOLOGY.

To avoid skin irritation and allergies from cosmetic products, the raw materials should be screened during product development. In vivo screening techniques are best. The author describes two in vitro models (cell culture and living skin equivalent) and several in vitro tests (percutaneous absorption, toxicity, melanogenesis, wound healing, antiaging, and cell proliferation and differentiation).

CYTOKINE AND LIPID MEDIATOR RELEASE FROM IN VITRO SKIN MODELS FOLLOWING DETERGENT TREATMENT OR PHYSICAL WOUNDING.

The purpose of the present work is to characterize two in vitro skin mod-els with regard to release of inflammatory cytokines and lipids under basal conditions and following chemical or physical damage. The two models evaluated are Skin2 (Advanced Tissue Sciences) and EpiDerm (Mattek Corporation). Model tissues were topically treated with SDS or were slice-wounded […]