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Antimicrobial

1016

Toxicity Assessment of Resveratrol Liposomes-in-Hydrogel Delivery System by EpiVaginal™ Tissue Model

The natural polyphenol resveratrol (RES) has shown great potential as an antimicrobial, including against microbes associated with vaginal infections. To fully exploit the activities of RES, an all-natural ingredients formulation for RES delivery at vaginal site has been developed, namely liposomes loaded with RES, incorporated into a chitosan hydrogel as secondary vehicle. Although considered non-toxic […]
927

Potent Antiviral Activity against HSV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 by Antimicrobial Peptoids

Viral infections, such as those caused by Herpes Simplex Virus-1 (HSV-1) and SARS-CoV-2, affect millions of people each year. However, there are few antiviral drugs that can effectively treat these infections. The standard approach in the development of antiviral drugs involves the identification of a unique viral target, followed by the design of an agent […]
857

In vitro biocompatibility study approaches to evaluate the safety profile of electrolyzed water for skin and eye

Electrolyzed water (EW) is a widely used disinfectant agent with high oxidation–reduction potential (ORP). Although EW has been used in many areas, such as food hygiene, agriculture, and animal husbandry, the studies presented in the literature are not enough to clarify the toxic effects of EW. The aim of this study is, therefore, to produce […]
822

Anthralin modulates the expression pattern of cytokeratins and antimicrobial peptides by psoriatic keratinocytes

Background: Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease with aberrant keratinocyte proliferation, presumably as a result of immune cell activation. Th17 cytokines like IL-17A and IL-22 are critically implicated in epidermal thickening, altered keratinocyte differentiation and production of innate factors such as antimicrobial peptides. Psoriasis treatment options include modern targeted therapies using anti-cytokine antibodies and traditional […]
819

Azithromycin and Doxycycline Attenuation of Acanthamoeba Virulence in a Human Corneal Tissue Model

Background: Amoebic keratitis is a potentially blinding eye infection caused by ubiquitous, free-living, environmental acanthamoebae, which are known to harbor bacterial endosymbionts. A Chlamydia-like endosymbiont has previously enhanced Acanthamoeba virulence in vitro.We investigated the potential effect of Acanthamoeba-endosymbiont coinfection in a human corneal tissue model representing clinical amoebic keratitis infection. Methods: Environmental and corneal Acanthamoeba isolates from the […]
683

UPDATE ON VALIDATION STATUS AND INDUSTRY UTILIZATION OF NORMAL HUMAN 3D (NHU-3D) ANIMAL ALTERNATIVE MODELS.

Progress in in vitro tissue engineering over the last several decades has contributed to a significant decrease in animal use for industrial risk and safety assessment of products and ingredients. Mattek Corporation has a long-standing involvement in development, production and validation of animal alternative in vitro models produced from normal human cells (NHu-3D models). The […]
746

N,N-DICHLORO-2, 2-DIMETHYLTAURINE, N-MONOCHLORO-2, 2-DIMETHYLTAURINE, AND N-CHLOROTAURINE ARE SAFE AND EFFECTIVE BACTERICIDAL AGENTS IN CORNEAL MODELS.

Background: N-chlorotaurine, NVC-422 (N,N-dichloro-dimethyltaurine) and NVC-612 (N-monochloro-dimethyltaurine) are potent anti-infective agents useful for the treatment of conjunctivitis and keratitis.  The aim of this study is to show that these compounds are safe in an EpiOcular model and effective in corneas infected ex vivo with P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. Methods: Corneal disks were punched with […]
472

SAFETY STUDY OF AN ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDE LACTOCIN 160, PRODUCED BY THE VAGINAL LACTOBACILLUS RHAMNOSUS.

This study by researchers at the Royal Institute of Technology (Sweden), Rutgers University, Rush Medical Center, Health Promoting Naturals, Inc., and The Women’s Hospital of Texas demonstrated the ability to use Mattek’s EpiVaginal in vitro human organotypic vaginal-ectocervical tissue model to determine the irritation potential of an antimicrobial peptide. Purpose: To evaluate the safety of […]
367

DIFFERENTIAL REGULATION OF â-DEFENSIN EXPRESSION IN HUMAN SKIN BY MICROBIAL STIMULI.

This study by researchers at UCLA’s David Geffen School of Medicine and Lund University (Sweden) demonstrated that Mattek’s EpiDerm in vitro human skin tissue equivalent can be used to study the pathways that connect infection and inflammation with the induction of antimicrobial peptides in epithelia. In response to infection, epithelia mount an innate immune response […]
301

IN HUMAN EPIDERMIS, BETA-DEFENSIN 2 IS PACKAGED IN LAMELLAR BODIES.

The skin presents a mechanical, as well as an immunological barrier to infection, and displays considerable innate immune capacity. Recently, cultured human keratinocytes were described to produce and export a microbicidal peptide human-defensin 2 (HBD-2). Immunogold was used to label ultrathin cryosections of stimulated, cultured human epidermis. HBD-2 was found to be stored in the […]
292

HUMAN β-DEFENSIN EXPRESSION IN A NEW BUCCAL EPITHELIAL TISSUE MODEL.

Oral epithelia function as microbial barriers against bacteria and yeast that are resident in the oral cavity. These microbes can be categorized as non-pathogenic (commensal) and pathogenic (resulting in cavities, gingivitis, and periodontal disease, etc.). The epithelium is actively involved in recognition and response to bacteria, setting into motion the innate immune responses that are […]
330

REINFORCEMENT OF INNATE HOST DEFENSE VIA INDUCTION OF ANTI-MICROBIAL PEPTIDES.

Anti-microbial peptides are an important weapon of the innate immune response arsenal. The large surface area of the skin provides an easy target for microbial colonization. Keratinocytes monitor the surface of the skin for potential hazards. When a potential pathogen is encountered, keratinocytes release anti-microbial peptides. We investigated a battery of substances for inducing NHEKs […]
257

HUMAN β-DEFENSIN-2 PRODUCTION IN KERATINOCYTES IS REGULATED BY INTERLEUKIN-1, BACTERIA, AND THE STATE OF DIFFERENTIATION.

Intact human epidermis resists invasion by pathogenic microbes but the biochemical basis of its resistance is not well understood. Recently, an antimicrobial peptide, human β-defensin-2, was discovered in inflamed epidermis. We used a recombinant baculovirus/insect cell system to produce human β-defensin-2 and confirmed that at micromolar concentrations it has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity, […]
411

CATIONIC POLYPEPTIDES ARE REQUIRED FOR ANTI-HIV-1-ACTIVITY OF HUMAN VAGINAL FLUID.

This study by researchers at the University of Central Florida Biomolecular Science Center demonstrated that Mattek’s EpiVaginal human cervico-vaginal tissue equivalent is an excellent in vitro model for investigating HIV-1 infection via the mucosal surfaces of the vagina, as well as agents that may inhibit/prevent this route of HIV-1 infection, because of the tissue’s ability […]
555

PSORIASIN (S100A7) IS A MAJOR ANTIMICROBIAL COMPONENT OF THE FEMALE GENITAL TRACT.

This study by researchers at the Medical University of Vienna and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein demonstrated that Mattek’s EpiVaginal in vitro 3-D human cervico-vaginal tissue equivalent can be used to confirm psoriasin expression when the tissue was exposed to IL-1alpha and to secreted components of E. coli. Psoriasin has been shown to be the major Escherichia […]
540

REAWAKENING RETROCYCLINS: ANCESTRAL HUMAN DEFENSINS ACTIVE AGAINST HIV-1. (REPORT).

This study by researchers at the University of Massachusetts showed that Mattek’s EpiVaginal in vitro 3-D human cervico-vaginal tissue equivalent can be used to demonstrate the ability to restore endogenous expression of retrocyclin peptides. Human alpha and beta defensins contribute substantially to innate immune defenses against microbial and viral infections. Certain nonhuman primates also produce […]
680

NVC-422: TOWARDS DEVELOPING PRECLINICAL INFECTED TISSUE MODELS.

Background: P. aeruginosa and S. aureus are opportunistic human pathogens implicated in many clinical diseases of the eye and skin, including keratitis and impetigo, respectively. Infection can involve destruction of underlying tissue by toxins to exacerbate tissue damage, leading to erosive disease. Developing infected tissue models provide a platform for assessing antimicrobial efficacy and toxicity […]
492

SPERMICIDAL ACTIVITY OF THE SAFE NATURAL ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDE SUBTILOSIN.

This study by researchers at Rutgers University, Rush University Medical Center, The Royal Institute of Technology, Health Promoting Naturals, Inc., and The Women’s Hospital of Texas demonstrated that Mattek’s EpiVaginal in vitro human cervico-vaginal tissue equivalent can be used to accurately mimic the results of prolonged exposure of novel compounds to this human tissue type […]
184

ASSESSMENT OF THE IRRITATION POTENTIAL OF TOPICAL SKIN ANTISEPTICS BY IN VIVO AND IN VITRO METHODS.

The development of an in vitro irritation assay producing results which correlate well with those obtained from in vivo animal studies would be a valuable tool for the evaluation of topical products. Human skin equivalent cultures are currently used as in vitro models to predict the topical irritation potential of actives, excipients, and formulations. These […]
308

BY IL-1 SIGNALING, MONOCYTE-DERIVED CELLS DRAMATICALLY ENHANCE THE EPIDERMAL ANTIMICROBIAL RESPONSE TO LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE.

Epithelia react to microbial pathogens by mounting a defensive response that includes the production of antimicrobial peptides. In this study, we show that, in human epidermal cultures, Escherichia coli LPS was a very weak direct inducer of human β-defensin (HBD)-2 mRNA and peptide, but the induction was greatly amplified when monocyte-derived cells (MoDeC) acted as […]
424

ANTIMICROBIAL BARRIER OF AN IN VITRO ORAL EPITHELIAL MODEL.

This study by researchers at the University of Washington demonstrated that Mattek’s EpiOral human buccal tissue equivalent has an in vivo-like antimicrobial barrier and is therefore a superior in vitro model of oral epithelia when compared to submerged monolayer cell cultures. Objective: Oral epithelia function as a microbial barrier and are actively involved in recognizing […]